Of the powders you have listed:
universal/ It will work but you'll have wimpy loads.
2400/ Now you're talking
H110/ Excellent powder for 200gr to 220gr bullets.
I've owned/carried/shot bulldogs for 3 decades now. I've tried store bought bullets (jacketed/cast/swaged) along with swaging my own lead and jacketed bullets. Add to that probably 30+ different cast bullets/molds over the years. I'm currently down to swaging 1 jacketed bullets and casting 3 different hb bullets/3 different wc's/3 different hp's/1 sp/1swc.
At the end of the day you want a cast/lead/coated bullet. You get allot higher velocities from the lead bullets than their jacketed counterparts in the short bbl'd 44spl's.
A link to some excellent reading on reloads for the 44spl. In there is Brian Pearce's artice on the 44spl along with a bunch of other reloading data.
http://www.goodrichfamilyassoc.org/44_Special_Articles/
The reloading data for the 44spl/h110 combo is hard to come by. I still use the data from the Hodgdon #25 reloading manual from 1986 for my reloading data for h110/44spl loads. Been using that data since 1986 in my bulldogs without a problem.
2400 is impressive even in the short bbl'd revolvers, I'd start there and use it as a bench mark for any other load.
I like to run 220gr hbwc's in my bulldog with full house loads of power pistol.
Those 220gr hbwc's cast out of 8bhn/9bhn alloy shot out of a ca bulldog using a full house load of power pistol.
Another hp I like to use in the snub nosed 44spl's, a 200gr "thompson" gc swc hp.
When choosing a hp for slow moving bullets you want a large, deep hp. Same bullet for the 44cal's (keith swc) but with different designed hp's for different velocities. The penta hp's for 800fps to 1000fps/the large round hp's for 1000fps to 1200fps/the small round hp's for 1200fps to 1400fps.
Where the rubber meats the road:
Don't know what to do with you'r old 9mm and 40s&w cases??? Turn them into 150gr jacketed hbwc's for the 38spl/357's and 220gr jacketed hbwc's for the 44spl/mag. Shot from snub nosed charter arms revolvers (38spl & 44spl).
The bottom 3 are 150gr 38spl p+ loads doing 1000fps+ out of a 2" bbl'd revolver. The 2 upper right are 220gr 44spl's doing 900fps+ out of a 2 1/2" bbl'd revolver.