Yeah, the very first thing to check is if the gas plug is tight. The one right underneath the muzzle of the barrel.
If so, then you go on to the properly cleaned and lubricated. Then you see if the op rod is rubbing on the stock somewhere by doing the tip test without the spring in. And yes, you need a good spring. But more than likely it wouldn't short stroke if it was weak. It would probably just not completely load the next round or totally close the bolt. Then maybe the op rod itself, if it's bent. Although you have to be careful about that because they do have a bend in them by design, so.....
After that, I don't know. Yeah, ammo. But most .30-06 ammo will have enough oomph to cycle the action unless you are using managed recoil rounds. But you should stick with M2 ball or stuff that was made specifically for the garand. Which I think AE makes some and maybe some others.