Depends on the Action.
Assuming bolt actions.
Many, if not most of the budget rifles, like the Savages, (all of them), the Ruger All- American, Ruger Precision Rifle ( which is just a dressed up All American), Remington 783, Thomson Center have barrels that are screwed in then locked in place with a nut. The barrels on these rifles are relatively easy to change with a vise and the proprietary wrench, and a headspace gauge. You simply clamp the action in a vice, break the barrel nut loose, unscrew the barrel, screw the new barrel on ( best done with ejector removed) against the headspace gauge, lock it in place and done.
Old school Rifles, like the Remington 700, Winchester model 70, mauser, Ruger M77 all require fitting by a skilled practitioner, with access to a lathe and precision measuring tools. Metal must be cut to fit these barrels.
There are companies producing nut locking barrels for the Remington 700, but they are not common.
As to the bolt itself, I don't know for sure, you'd have to check case head dimensions, but as a rule, medium centerfires usually share a common boltface size, and you have to have a different one for magnums.
So if you want a DIY switch barrel, look at the rifle, find out if barrel companies make the barrel you want, or prepare to engage a gunsmith.