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Would the high rings allow me to move the scope back over the rear sight
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You might be getting ahead of yourself; this is one of those "try as you go" setups. High rings might work, but they might not, and, whether or not they
do work, you might not need them. Now, if you're like me and have The Big Box of Extra Parts I Bought Because I'm Too Damn Impatient, have at it and buy both heights. Just recognize that you might end up buying yet a 3rd set of rings. No worries: having extra scope rings just means you need to buy another rifle to put under them.
The XS aperture sight system is adjustable, but it's really a "set and forget" that you zero once to your favorite load, then leave it alone. Since your scope is going to be your primary sighting system, you want it mounted as low as possible both to retain as much of the levergun's inherent balance and handiness, and to keep you from having to go to a "chin weld" to see through the scope.
To that end, I'd install the XS sight with whatever front sight you're going to use, and screw the XS aperture
all the way down. Zero for elevation by changing your front sight height.
Having done that, you can tape the scope to the receiver in front of your rear sight and see if the eye relief works for you. It might, or it might not; there's no way to know until you try it. If it doesn't work and you have to mount the scope back over the rear sight, by mocking up cardboard risers you can see whether the ocular bell is going to sit over the rear sight, or if you'll be puling the scope back far enough that the main tube sits over the rear sight. When clearance is really close, I have been known to file a little off the top of the rear sight. You'll never notice it.
After you've done all that, then you can use your calipers to determine the actual ring height required. Knowing that dimension is important, because there's no such thing as a "standard" when it comes to height: one company's "medium" height might be called "high" by another company, and there are probably a half-dozen different heights in each category. To add to the fun, some companies measure ring heights from the center of the scope tube to base of the ring, and some from bottom of the scope tube. Midway and Brownells both have charts that give ring heights for the various brands, so there is hope.
You might also look at non-QD rings to find a good match. I don't find the lack of a QD lever to be a real hindrance; a short driver with whatever bit fits your rings makes quick work of scope removal, especially with good old Weaver rings.