Quote History Quoted:
Mel Tappan in Survival Guns didn't think much of the lever action for the purposes you stated. I think it had to do with the complexity of the action. US military never adopted it for general issue.
View Quote
The major problem with a lever action for general military issue was the difficulty in assuming a low prone position and cycling the action. Around 1870-1900 that was considered to be a much more important attribute than it is now. Currently, you're no worse off with a lever gun than you are with an AR-15 and a 30 round magazine in terms of height in a low prone position.
Another major problem was that generals of that era were also very concerned with logistics and the potential problems that would result from fielding a service rifle with a high rate of fire. They opposed moving away from a single shot until forced by works events, then they had to be pushed by negative combat experience to adopt a rifle capable of being reloaded with stripper clips. As late as the mid 1930's there was still significant opposition to adopting the M1 Garand due to the feeling that high rates of fire would supplant good marksmanship.
------
Some lever guns are simpler than others, bit on average, and contrary to popular belief, lever actions are not all that complex. Some, like the Winchester Model 1886, 1892, 1894, and 1895 as well as the Marlin 1894 all have well over a century of history of being used in very demanding conditions with minimal maintenance and still functioning just fine. In fact, you can argue that the simple mechanical design is more reliable than a gas operated semi-auto rifle.
-----
Tappan was a big fan of semi-auto rifles in .30-06, .308 and .223, with a preference for the .308 given it's greater range. My impression from Tappan's little essay was that he was a big flat state out west kind of guy, and when I lived there I agreed with him. I agree less here in NC. One of his prime considerations however was ammo availability and the popularity of the caliber, which would make ammo a strong trade item. In that regard, .30-30 Win will score just a highly as .30-06, .308 and .223. There are about 7 million Model 94s out there, and most of them have been chambered in .30-30. There are also about 6 million Marlin 36 and 336 rifles and carbines out there and again most of them were chambered in .30-30. It's a popular round that can be found on the shelf of pretty much every walmart and sporting goods store in the US.
As I recall Tappan himself made a distinction between home defense where simple and easy to operate was preferable to having the "ideal" assault rifle that your wife and kids may not bother to become proficient with. In that regard, a lever gun scores very highly, even by Tappan's yardstick.
At his "retreat", Tappan wanted a full on assault rifle with good sustained fire capability to hold off the hordes of people looking to steal your supplies. A lever gun still scores well there, although reloads are a bit slower. I that regard, i prefer a lever gun with a loading gate to one loaded through the tube itself, as it's much easier to reload or top off a gate loaded lever gun while on the move, or from a low prime position.
Tappan also valued telescopic sights, with a good set of iron sights to back it up. A lever gun is not so hot with a telescope as it really destroys the handling, but then again with the .30-30 the effective range is on the order of 230-250 yards - about the range Tappan rated the .223 as being good for - and a scope is not needed over those distances. In that regard, a lever gun with a tang sight will deliver very effective fire our to 230-250 yards with no worries about knocking them off zero.
-----
Lever actions also served well as patrol rifles in may rural police departments, particularly out west, and they still have a lot going for them in terms of extending an officer;s effective range, offering reasonable accuracy and a good rate of fire, as well as being compact and easy to carry in carbine form. Don't forget .30-30 will cut right through Level IIIA body armor, or that a carbine in .44 mag or .357 still offers all the terminal ballistics of those rounds, plus the advantage of a few hundred feet peer second more velocity.