Step 1,
Single loaded round in the mag, insert the mag, charge the round and fire the single round with the empty Mag still in the mag well.
Did the bolt lock back on the bolt catch (bolt catch in front of the bolt, and not just under the carrier isntead).
If the bolt is locking back, then the stroke is fine/ heavy buffer is fine and we don't have to worry about that.
If the bolt does not lock back, then chances are the buffer it too heavy instead (and not don't start clipping recoil spring coils, since they will just end up with feeding problems).
So with the above fine (bolt locks back on the single fired round test), lets move on to why the bolt is not fully locking up on the second round to allow a cleaner primer strike to the primer to set off the round.
1. Is the mag catch assembly threaded tip flush with the face of the mag release button.
2. Are you using USGI mags, or some clone knock offs that may be causing with feed problem.
3. Do your barrel extension feed ramps match the upper.
4. Is your FCG springs installed correctly, especially the hammer spring.
[/img]http://oi43.tinypic.com/2hd1kqb.jpg[/img]
5. Look at the front of the lower receiver cavity just in front of the hammer, and make sure that the J spring in the bottom of the hammer is not falling out and binding up on the front wall to slow the hammer down.
6. Remove the Bolt from the carrier and dry fit the bolt with carrier into the upper receiver. Is the key too wide and binging up on the upper receiver slot. when the carrier gets about a inch from touching the face of the barrel extension, the gas tube should enter cleanly into the carrier key (tube does not need to be index tweaked). Hence you should be able to stick your finger in the back of the carrier, and with little tension, it should glide all the way back, and forth with ease. If you have any binding, then pull the charging handle to try it without it as well to weed out problem with the charging handle alone.
7. With the upper receiver still shotgun open, take a look at the index of the barrel extension in the upper receiver barrel socket. Use the center of the gas tube channel and the center of the front take down lug to make sure that the barrel extension did not rotate when the barrel nut was being tightened, and now the lugs are not indexed correctly in the upper.
8. Back the bolt, remove the extractor. If you find a O ring or D fender about the extractor spring, remove it and put it aside. Hence if all the above checks out, it could be that the extractor tension is too strong, and not allowing the extractor to open cleanly to snap over the case rim at loading; and what is preventing the bolt from locking up fully instead.
9.Rifle cleaned, lubed and back together, pull all the way back on the charging handle and confirm that the face of the bolt stops about 1/8" to 1/4" in front of the back edge of the ejection ports.
As for basic, make sure to correctly clean the rifle to start with (including using a Chamber brush with CLP by hand to clean the chamber before the gun is every fired, then to correctly lube the upper receiver bearing areas with CLP before the gun is fired as well.
Lastly, if you are running reloads, get a ammo check gauge to run the ammo through to make sure that the cases not only first size correctly to start with, but to run the ammo through after it has been fully loaded to make sure that you did not over bullet crimp to slightly buckle the shoulders on the cases.
To add, you have a ton of needed information missing from your post, such as what brand and type rifle, if a factory build or you built it, and if it has any after market parts. If you can clue me in on this, than may be something else specific to your rifle that I may need to add to the list to check out as well.