Yea, the case damage is from the extractor. I wanted to take the round apart and check it out myself however FM wanted it back to look at it. I did check the headspace after the rifle was built which was only about 3,000 rounds ago. Before I shoot the rifle again, I will check the headspace again. When I pulled the trigger, there was no bang that was noticeable. Just the sound of the hammer dropping. However, there may have been a small bang as I do not have the best hearing to begin with and I was wearing hearing protection. I am fairly certain the primer did in fact go off and that's what cased it to push out. As I load my magazines, I quickly examine the rounds and I believe I would have noticed the pushed out primer had it been that way prior to firing.
I am by no means an expert, but what seems possible is that the round chambered, primer went off and for whatever reason bullet did not leave the case. The primer pushed back but the extractor had a hold on the round and so the bolt did not turn and caused a cam effect within the chamber, thus causing a jam. (These are my thoughts based off of too much free time to think, not necessarily any firearms expertise)