Quoted:
It would be interesting to find some db comparison between the different length barrels with standard FH vs. moderators.
Haven't got a lot of time right now, but here's a couple of links that may be relevant
How it's done today (sorry if this is behind a paywall):
http://sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=1093
Relevant snip:
The sound pressure level was measured according to Mil-Std 1474D, which specifies A-weighting. Weighting degrades meter performance to match the frequency response of the human ear, and A-weighting is accurate and appropriate only for sound levels below 55 dB. For sound levels above 130 dB, and in particular in the 160+ dB region of the non-suppressed 5.56mm rifle, the measurements should be performed without any weighting (also called “linear” or Z-weighting, depending on the meter manufacturer’s designation). While there is a rough correlation using A-weighting between uncorking pressure and measured sound level, the sound measurements are not considered overly accurate due to compliance with the Mil-Std.
Sound levels are pressure measurements expressed as a logarithmic ratio of the actual pressure referenced to 20 micro-Pascals, the threshold of human hearing. There was a little less consistency in the sound measurements than in actual uncorking barrel pressure measurements, partially because of adding several more variables. These included the acoustic impedance of the air and wind direction/velocity. In addition, the inaccuracies in this sound intensity range by using the called-for A-weighting introduces some level of inaccuracy that would probably not be seen in unweighted measurements. When pressure is plotted against sound pressure level in decibels and sound pressure level is plotted against barrel length, there is slightly more deviation from the projected average, but the trend and general correlation is statistically meaningful. Actual sound pressure levels varied from 162.5 dB(A) in the 24-inch barrel to 165.1 dB(A) in the 5-inch barrel.
Note that the differences are quite small. OSHA considers 140 db the upper limit for rapid transients I believe, and has a lower level for repeated exposure. Any text or good website on sound recording should explain A-weighting –– it tries to take into account the frequency response of the human ear, which is somewhat irrelevant at these ear-destroying levels.
This is the technical presentation from that same research. I thought I had a link to soft copy of earlier barrel length/spl research, but I don't. PPT converted to PDF.
http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2010armament/WednesdayCumberlandPhilipDater.pdf
If you wonder why you pay more for a full-auto silencer, the answer's in there. Also, "Why are they making these things of titanium now?" Titanium, of course, is a living nightmare to machine.
I don't think anyone's shot a moderator and collected the spl data to MIL STD 1474. The standard's newer (I think Phil Dater had a lot to do with establishing it actually).
(Edited to correct the MIL STD for small arms sound pressure measurement –– it's 1474, not 147).