Being the 460 S&W is a rimmed case, mags would be the biggest drawback. You might find someone to turn off the rims and make it a rimless case. .223 case length is 1.76" and the 460 S&W is 1.80", so length is close. That would be doable.. I am sure you could find some bullet to keep OAL within limits. You could have the rims rebated a bit, to .473", but then you would also need a good bolt, maybe one for the 450 bushmaster, it would be the correct diameter.
If you are shooting a single action type revolver, the the rebated rims would not be any trouble, but on a DA revolver, the lack of rims would be a drawback. Pressure is pretty high on the S&W, so that might preclude you from making a conversion. Bolt breakage might be common.
Doable, yes, practical, not likely
Hate to say, but if you want same calibers in handgun and rifle, then go with a 475/480 ruger redhawk and a Rossi levergun in 480. Other alternative would be the previously mentioned BFR in 45-70 and a Marlin Guide Gun, in 45-70 (or 444 marlin, I think both are available in both guns too). BFR might make a pistol in 450 Bushmaster so you could have that combo