My father was there with those guys, being a navigator on a Fortress of the 100th BG 349th BS. He was only about 20 years old at the time, leaving his study of chemical engineering at Rice to join the AAF. After 35 missions, he returned to finish his education. Following is a story he wrote in 1991:
A Day to Remember
"Off your asses and on your feet,”
rang out the lovely voice of that damn staff sergeant, Ireland. It was 2:00
A.M. in the fall of 1944. We slowly got moving; listlessly we got into our
heavy clothes. It was cold, as is the night in the English countryside in
autumn. And, besides it was minus 60 degrees F up where we were going. We tried
to focus on getting ourselves together.
As a lead crew we were awakened an
hour before the rest of the fliers. What a way to start the day. We wound our way
to the chow hut. The mess sergeant was at his huge pan loaded with grease. To
it he added a concoction of powdered eggs, powdered milk, and water. These were
called scrambled eggs in the cooks manual. A horrible sight early in the
morning. I settled for cereal and powdered milk.
We wandered into the briefing room.
The target for today was outside of Leipzig, near Mersburg: the Luna oil works.
The aiming point was the hydrogenation unit. We had already been there twice,
but we hadn’t knocked it out. Our object was to try to deprive the Germans of
oil products that they needed to keep their war machines running. It was always
heavily defended. At four o’clock, the rest of the crews filed in. The deputy
commander gave the briefing. The base commander, a bird colonel at twenty seven
years of age would lead our group. We were the deputy lead and would fly behind
him. Says the colonel, "When we come off the target, hang on to your hats for
we’re going to do some fancy flying to get out of there fast.” The briefing
broke up.
We went to the trucks that took us out to the hard stands. As an
aside, our driver couldn’t either read or write – a genuine hillbilly from
Tennessee. Our ground crew were already at the plane as they always were. Our
plane was called E-Z Goin’, and our logo was a green turtle. There was never a
question about the plane being in tip top shape. These guys knew their
business. The armorer who loaded our bombs and machine guns became a Franciscan
monk after the war. Who would have thought such a thing about a drunken
Irishman from Boston!
O.K.; the starting flare was fired
from the control tower. Engines were started, and we proceeded to file out for
takeoff. All was routine and uneventful, so far. Our group, the "Bloody 100th”
was putting up the usual three squadrons, a total of 36 planes. We took and
climbed to five thousand feet over the Wash, and formed up for combat. We were
to steadily climb so as to be at thirty two thousand feet at the aiming point.
We proceeded. The trip in was rather quiet; a few bursts of anti-aircraft fire
here and there but nothing of worry.
Here we were, fifteen hundred
B-17’s plowing a corridor in the sky with con trails marking our progress. I’ve
been told that the sight frightened the Germans badly; I hope so. On each side
of the bomber line were our fighter aircraft patrolling. It was a huge highway
in the sky. A businesslike operation to say the least. Every now and then a
wing (three groups) would break off to go to targets other than ours. We
approached our target. As I mentioned, we had been here several times before.
The powers that ordain such, decided that we would have a nice long bomb run to
make sure that we hit the target this time. We flew straight and level for
eleven minutes – an eternity. Ahead of us was a box of flak, heavy and intense.
But, of course, we flew straight for it. The Germans knew our target. We found
out later why the flak was so devastating; they had brought up 105mm cannon to
use as anti-aircraft guns. The usual 88mm’s could reach us; weren’t as
effective. The 105’s were deadly. As we approached the target, we opened our
bomb bay doors. Usual procedure was for the following bombardiers to toggle out
their bombs when the lead did. Well, a couple of our bombs dropped out (‘member
our armorer?) and the guys following let their loads go. It turned out that a
village about twenty five miles from the target was wiped out.
Now, as the navigator, I was
supposed to record events in the sky; who was shot down, where, and when. We
approached the box of flak. It was intense, and B-17’s began to fall. There was
no way that I could record the disaster; everywhere the air was full of
exploding and flaming planes. Our room mates were flying off the colonel’s wing
ahead of us and caught one and exploded in a horror of flame. We finally
dropped our bombs, got out of the flak box and got the hell out of there. But
the Luftwaffe were waiting just outside the flak. Our fighters, heroic fools
they were, came through the flak with us and engaged the Germans head-on; there
was a terrible free-for-all. Everywhere our fighters and bombers were being
blasted out of the sky by flak and fighters.
The results of the day: 100 B-17’s lost, hopefully,
maybe many would be able to land in Germany. We saw a lot of parachutes. Nine
hundred men from bombers were lost, and thirty from fighters, that was our
cost. We calculated that we dropped 2,400 bombs at our target; the strike
photos showed FOUR in the target area. We got back to the base; got debriefed;
had our shot of rye whiskey; ate a meal of sorts; and fell into bed. Tomorrow
would be another day.