I just solved a weird problem... a computer with installed versions of TurboTax from 2011-2016 has lost the ability to run ANY version of the software. No errors, nothing obvious in the Event Logs.
It turns out that installing the new .NET 4.7 was the culprit. I removed that, and then none of the TurboTax programs threw errors. They seem to want some version of .NET 4 to be installed. Installing 4.62 seems to have restored function without any apparent side effects.
ETA - got an email from a friend - the 4.7 install failed on his Exchange server and left him in a bit of a pickle. The partial install screwed things up, but it wasn't actually 'installed' completely, so he couldn't uninstall it. I cannot say if this is specific to his server or if it applies across the board.