That's a tall order. Small form factor, professional control layout, decent image quality - preferably RAW.... AND... under $150? Good luck.
I was in this boat previously, looking for a smaller camera that I could have on me to take decent pictures when I don't have my DSLR with me.
First, I bought the Canon EOS-M, which is a wonderful alternative to a DSLR. It has the same APS-c sensor and basically the same setup as the T4i, minus the viewfinder. It also doesn't have a flash. I just use the prime 22mm lens which keeps it small, but with an adapter I can, and have used my other canon lenses on it. I find it great for travel when I want some lower light or better bokeh shots but taking a full sized camera isn't necessary.
However, even the EOS-M is big when you're trying to stuff it into a pocket. I ended up also getting a Lumix LF1 from china on ebay for ~$350. RAW was mandatory for me, since even lightroom can't do much with blown jpg highlights or off-exposure. That severely limits the options in the P&S category. The LF1 is tiny, and takes acceptable pictures for its sensor size. This is more like stuff I want to document - similar to what I'd use my phone for if my phone took much better photos. The LF1 also has great optical zoom, which was why I opted for it over the Canon S120 (same price and comparable specs other than zoom range).
For image quality, Sony's RX100 is hands down the best in class with a 1" CMOS sensor. However, it is 50% thicker than the other two and regardless of which version you get (there are 4 now, I believe) it will more expensive (~$400-$1000).
You can check out dpreview.com for reviews and to look at options by features you want. However, keep in mind in the spirit of arfcom - quickly, cheap, quality... you can only choose two. In this case it's more like "image quality/design, cheap, small", as you'll find that what you're looking for is not generally available at the price you're hoping to pay, and anything in that price range will require significant compromise of the features you want.