99 times out of a 100 is a problem with bad cabling. Cable companies use absolute junk cable to save money. Since they have government protected monopolies they don't care and don't try.
Figure-out how to login to the configuration of your cable modem. A search on Google should help. Usually it's as simple as typing in an IP address into your browser. Look at the SNR ratio. According to a friend that works at Charter, on their service that needs to be at least 30 dB. Also, look at the downstream power level. It should be between -10 dBmV and 5 dBmV. If it is too low, sometimes the problem can be fixed by simply having the cable company up the gain on the amp closest to your house assuming that doesn't decrease the SNR too much. Of course, getting the morons to actually do it can be a months or years long hassle. This is the usual problem with the junk equipment cable companies use, the upstream transmit power level should be 50 dBmV or less. If that number is too high, it is because the upstream(return) amplifiers the cable company has do not work well enough. That is a very common problem since it doesn't affect viewing a TV so they just don't give a damn about that problem.
Check the impedance of the cable from the cable company. A few times lately I've found that the idiots at the cable company have used 50 Ohm RG58 cable. I guess they got it at a discount so even though it's the wrong type, they still decided to use it. The cable is thinner so their crimp connectors look like crap since they have to squeeze the fool out of it get it to stay on the thinner cable. It's also the wrong impedance.
Since fighting the cable company is a losing battle, sometimes you can hire one of their employees on the side to fix the problem. That's what most people do around here. Just find one of them when they're eating lunch at a fast food place or parked in a neighborhood. For $100 cash you can get them to do more work than you can after begging the cable company for months. Fixing the problem might be as simple as getting the guy to replace the junk RG59 cable the idiot cable companies use with RG6. At work, I bought a big spool of RG6 and many of our employees have paid Charter employees to replace their cabling from their houses to the first amp. That has helped in every case.z