I don't think it was a longbow. It may have been a "longer" bow, perhaps 10-20 lbs. (i.e., a kid's bow) with a target arrow (just speculation). Anyone with a basic idea of modern bows (me) knows that you could do much more damage than that with almost any compound bow.
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I will agree with you on the first point...I doubt it was a longbow but rather more of a target type recurve bow or something lighter in the poundage.
However, I completely disagree with your "compound bows could do much more damage." Compound bows are simply bows for sissies (no offense) who can't hold the total weight of the bow for longer periods of time. The compound bow let's off 80% of the bow poundage so that the archer can hold it longer before releasing...whereas long bow archers have to pull ALL the weight and hold it until time to release. Long bows are FAR superior for hitting targets that are moving as well because you can release the arrow at any point in the draw whereas a compound bow has the jerky let-off and usually destroys your aim in the process.
Long bows are actually QUITE capable of killing everything that walks this earth, and there are guys out there who've downed elephants with them. They're shooting 120+ lb. long bows and are STUDS no doubt...believe me on this. Try pulling and holding *only* a 81 lb. long bow and you'll be lucky if you can pull it, much less hold it long enough to hit the bullseye. Let us also not forget that Long Bows were extremely feared in history due to the fact that their arrows would pierce armor due to the incredible power generated by their strength.
There are two reasons this person got off lucky. One was that the arrow wasn't travelling that fast, evidenced by the fact that it stayed in him (whereas a true long bow's arrows from 65 lb. bow and up would go right through you like butter). Secondly, while the article didn't say, the odds are it was a target point and not a broadhead tipped arrow. If it had been a broadhead of almost any type, this dude would likely have bled to death. The amount of internal trauma and hemmoraging caused by broadhead arrows is scary beyond belief.
OK...school is over for now.