The oxygen works as an accelerant (actually and oxydizer but the effect is what I am in reference too) What happens is everything needs O2 to burn. When O3 is available in excess quantities, it will lower the ignition point and increase the burn rate to an explosive level. The reason the tube explosion would cause a mushroom is the shape. The open area in the center combined with a directed explosion (the tube laying down combined with the shape will direct the force. I.E. shaped charge) will cause the force to go out and then create a vacuum. As the blast material comes back to the center and bumps into itself, it can go no where but up. Therefor, a mushroom. When in service, we would take a 55 gal drum full of foo gas (diesel and high phosphor detergent) set it in a large hole, surround the hole with det chord and C4. We would have 1 block of c4 under the drum with det chord tiying it in to the ring. (for example, det shord is what was used to clear the secondary LZ in the movie "We Were Soldiers") This was a nuke simulator. When we set it off, it would put up a mushroom cloud 500' in the air and about 80' diameter. It was awesome. Oh yeah, fertilizer works great with the diesel too. That is where McVeigh learned to make the oklahoma bomb. This can be ignited with a rocket motor igniter or an M80. Tracers also work great for igniting it. However, without specific training in handling the stuff, I highly recommend against it. It is dangerous and you will be surprised at just how strong an explosion you can get out of the stuff.