The 1860's actually. Had to do with freed slaves after the civil war.
http://www.civilwarhome.com/freedmen.htm
Man history lessons were good for something.
In 1863 the war department created the "American Freedmen's Inquiry Commission" to suggest methods for dealing with emancipated slaves. The
commission's key conclusion was that no bureau or agency set up to help the ex-slaves should become a permanent institution but should instead
encourage the negros to become self-reliant as quickly as possible.
Out of this commission's report, was born, on March 4, 1865, the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, also known as the
"Freedmen's Bureau." Despite it's official title it's main purpose was to help the more than four million former slaves, most with any resources or
education populating the South after the war. Congress created the Freedman's Bureau, with a life span of just one year, to distribute clothing, food,
and fuel to destitute freedmen and to oversee "all subjects relating to their condition" in the South. The bureau was not granted a separate budget for its
work, but instead drew funds from the Department of War. Heading the bureau was none other than General Oliver O. Howard, a graduate of
Bowdoin and West point and a very distinguished Civil War veteran. A devout church goer and fervent civil rights advocate, Howard helped manage
the bureau's approximately 900 agents.
One of the most difficult challenges of the bureau was instituting a judicial system that would be fair to both blacks and whites. At first, the bureau
established its own judicial authority, with local agents setting up temporary three-man courts to hear individual disputes between white employees who
were dealing for the first time with black employees demanding fair wages.
Without adequate manpower or financial resources for such an enormous undertaking, however, the bureau instead worked to persuade the
Southern states to recognize racial equality in their own judicial proceedings. Bureau agents monitored state and local legal affairs and often intervened
on behalf of blacks.
Introducing a system of free labor economy was another of the bureau's responsibilities. The bureau's goal in this respect was to return the
ex-slaves to plantation labor, which was still essential to the Southern economy, but to do so under conditions that would allow blacks to work their
way up and out of the labor class. One way to accomplish this was to distribute lands confiscated or abandoned during the war-some 850,000 acres in
1865-to newly freed slaves. "Forty acres and a mule" was the slogan for the Reconstruction land-grant plan, but in the end only about 2,000 South
Carolina and 1,500 Georgia freedmen actually received the land they had been promised-less than one percent of the four million ex-slaves populating
the South.