Yes, it does damage to muscle tissue. It's called overtraining....In short, muscle tissue needs rest in order to repair itself, and subsequently grow larger and stronger. You can, theoretically, work out every day assuming you train different muscle groups each day; thus allowing one muscle group to rest while you train another..............You just need to be aware of and look for the signs of overtraining......
Instead of beating your body to death day in and day out, you should concentrate on higher work out intensity (but less frequently), plenty of rest (8 hrs min/day), and proper nutrition......