As to the pistol,
1) pebble grip on the grip, no finger grooves. No accessory rails
2) "grenade checkering" on the front and backstrap, no finger grooves.
3) finger grooves, accessory rails.
There are a few more model specific changes, adding a support pin on some .40 models, etc. But that's the basics.
Magazines are also by generation, but do not necessarily correspond.
Gen 1 are not fully metal lined (NFML) and are designed not to drop free from the pistol with more than a few rounds in them (how? they bulge slightly when loaded, why? save partially loaded mags for use when you're almost out).
Gen 2 are Fully Metal Lined (FML), and were designed for the US market, who are used to drop free. They do not always drop free, and the term "Drop ree" (Df) is sometimes challenged as inaccurate.
There are of course many other types, LE, post ban 10 rounders, foreign sale only over 10's, etc.