For Taffy's benefit:
I grew up in Indiana in the 60's and 70's, and left for North Carolina in the 1980's, and came to Maryland in the 1990's after being in NC for 10 years.
My experience with modern America is that in the North, school kids were taught that the Civil War was fought over slavery, and there was some stuff about the different kinds of economies and States rights that factored into it, somehow, but nobody seemed to perseverate on it very much.
When I was in North Carolina, I remember being with a group of doctors, one of whom said "If it weren't for (some disease or another, I can't remember which)", we would have won the Civil War". I was startled and thought we HAD won the Civil War. It was the first time I really thought about it as a division that still mattered in the modern era.
When I was a kid, I read Time, Life, and Look magazines, and watched the news religiously and read the newspaper every day. I saw the civil rights movement unfold throughout the 1960's. I also saw the long hot summers in Watts (CA), Detroit (MI), Newark (NJ) in the 1960's, and saw the racists in South Boston in the 1970's, and Chicago as well, particularly when the school busing got going in earnest. I saw major new towns and communities spring up overnight outside Indianapolis when whites fled the court-enforced busing in the 1960's. I read about Bensonhurst (NYC) and Crown Heights (NYC) in the 1980's, with all their racial tensions. In Indianapolis, when I was a kid there were major swimming clubs/pools that overtly barred blacks even into the 1970's. In short, there were lots of problems in the North that were as bad as anything that happened in Alabama, Mississipi, or North Carolina in the 1960's.
My experience with North Carolina was that it seemed to me that race matters were better than in the north in terms of how well black people did, and how much white people would associate with them. The Dick Gregory line about the Southern whites not caring how close the blacks got, as long as they didn't get too big, versus the North where they didn't care how big they got as long as they didn't get too close really rings, true, at least throught the 1970's. I remember my uncle (an unapologetic racist who grew up in small white farm town) just about jumped back three feet to keep from making contact with a black man coming through a door in a fast food restaurant, one time. I think that by the 1980's, Southerners had pretty much gotten over the "don't get too big" aspect far better than Northerners had gotten over the "don't get too close" thing. By that time, a substantial number of elected officials were black, and many were in major leadership positions (mayors, governors, Speakers of the House, etc). I think the majority of all elected officials are/were black in some states like MS.
So, for all the condescension of Northerners, especially white liberals, the South has gotten much further ahead with racial equality. I keep up email correspondence with one such guy I have known a long time who is originally from a Northern state. When we argue illegal immigration, his basic view is to let all the Hispanics in because they will "really kick the ass of the blacks". He would lose his job if that were widely known, and he is in the South.
The Maryland suburbs of DC are such a mish-mash of people from everywhere that it seems that the only tension I see is between the Mexicans who came here illegally recently and don't fit in, and everyone else. But that is probably unique to where I am. The western part of Maryland and the Eastern shore are pretty conservative, and probably more "Southern" than the rest of it. People who are Civil War buffs around here think that the course of the war would have changed fi the advances of the South through MD went a little more west than it did. Lincoln was not considered to be very safe in MD during the war, remember. A lot of sympathizers of the Confederacy.
I can't bring any original, real data to the discussion on what it was like to be a slave back then. It certainly sucked, but sucked more some places than others, and sucked more with some masters than others, etc. Most people's opinion is shaped by what they see on TV or in movies, or read in books, or heard from people in their families who almost certainly were not alive at the time. It is all laden with romanticied agendas (both ways).
I don't care about the Confederate flag(s), and I get that it is partly a way to stick it in the eye of liberals, and may have some undercurrent of family/cultural/tribal loyalty. And don't tell me how States rights are more important than individual rights. And don't tell me how people who have Southern accents are stupid and/or racists. Ok?
I just wish it all could be gone within another generation, and people could talk about it objectively. You know, like: are 1911s or Glocks better? AKs vs. ARs?
But I think it will be around until something bigger (like our next civil war) pushes it out of people's consciousness.
Now can you explain the Northern Ireland thing to us in a few sentences?