There is a great thing in America and its called Freedom. Freedom means choices. It is your choice and your right to be private if you want to. Others don't care about privacy and thats their choice .
People who ridicule you for wanting to be private do not respect your choice. They quickly became ugly in ridiculing you. They are not real Americans. It is perfectly acceptable to ignore them because they obviously don't respect you, your rights or your choices.
The rule is fundamental that their rights stop where yours begin.
The school is the one being petty and manipulative against your child and you. Not you.
You as well as thousands that don't have kids, pay enormous sums of money to the school. Your child has just as much right to participate in school activities as anyone else.
The school has no legitimate need to publish a book with names, addresses, and phone numbers. It is up to you to share that information with whom you please.
The best way to communicate with these people is to send them a letter. If they ignore you or chastise you, then you may decide to get a lawyer.
Keep the letter short and on topic. Use the internet to find laws that support your position. State them plainly in a manner that is business like but not overly heavy on legal threats. Let them know that you do not wish to be arm twisted and that you are on firm ground.
You do not need a reason to maintain your privacy. Some people prefer to be left alone. Some people prefer to save the time they have for themselves and their family. It is your choice to decide who you associate with and who you invite to your home.