This is a reminder that I am talking from my knowledge of the mechanics of the firearm, I have not done any underwater shooting myself.
Quoted: I thought (though I could be wrong. Wouldn't be the first time) that most auto pistols will fire ONCE under water.
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This is not entirely true, but it is 99.9% of the time. Regardless of if you've fired a round or not, if you submerge a glock the firing pin channel _will_ fill up with water. If you have a weak firing pin spring it is quite possible that the water will create too much resistance and the firing pin will not strike the primer hard enough. This is true with every firing-pin type pistol that I know of. As for how weak the spring has to be, I don't know. My _GUESS_ is it would probably have to be not to far from needing replacement anyway.
The beauty of the Glock with the marine spring cups installed is that it will cycle the next round and be ready to fire again. Due to hydraulic pressures, other handguns will not cycle underwater, and must have the next round racked in by hand.
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Well, the maritime spring cups have nothing to do with cycling, all they do is allow water to move more freely through the firing pin chamber. This really has more to do with the design of the firearm and the total resistance against the slide assembly from the sum of it's moving parts, water, etc. If your glock cycles ok underwater with the spring cups, it will cycle ok without them as long as it can still fire (the firing pin resistance thing).
I read an article in some gun magazine years back in which the author took his Officers Model 1911 into a pool and test fired it. The round traveled something like 20 feet, but after 5-7 feet of travel, you could block it with your bare hand because it had lost so much energy. I distinctly remember the author stating that he had to rack the slide by hand each time, as it would not eject on its own.
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If it wasn't ejecting on it's own, this probably had to do with the resistance of the slide assembly in water. Remember the slide assembly on a 1911 is MUCH heaver than that of a Glock. Also, it uses a hammer instead of a firing pin, which needs to be pushed to the rear as well.
The author also made a point of saying that if you are going to do this, make sure the barrel is full of water completely before firing. A bullet striking water at the end (or halfway down) the barrel does some really bad things to the gun (and possibly you!).
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Yes this is very true, but this is only the first step in underwater shooting. I hear it is extremely dangerous for other reasons as well. Something to the effect of the shock waves in water can damage internal organs.