Ligament:
Doing a search of the Tactical Forum, I found an entry by Dr. Roberts from 2003, summarizing results of the Lapua round in ballistic gel:
quote...
The Lapua 125 gr JSP proves to offer outstanding terminal performance!
Out of a 16” barrel:
Bare Gelatin: vel=2316 f/s, pen=17.3”, RD=.62”, RL=.43”, RW=122.6 gr
Car Windshield: vel=2323 f/s, pen=14.8”, RD=.60”, RL=.40”, RW=110.6 gr
Performance is similar to the Trophy Bonded Bear Claw bonded JSP bullets used in the Federal Tactical loads, with deep penetration, excellent expansion, and good weight retention. Because of the larger permanent cavity and greater bullet mass, the Lapua 125 gr JSP will offer somewhat better performance than the .223 bonded JSP’s. This load will be a good choice for LE use against car windows and should also be outstanding for hunting deer and other similar size game
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Now, I am certinaly no expert myself, but recognize that Drs. Roberts and Fackler have quite a bit of practical knowledge in this area, having performed umerous research activities and correlated gel testing with live animal shootings under controlled conditions as well as Army field surgical hospital results and autopsies.
What I CAN tell you is that a Finnish gentleman I knew living in our community swore by the 7.62x39 Lapua for deer hunting. He drove up to Wisconsin during the season and would always come back with a fine buck, one shot (typical Finn!). He swore by Lapua, and said this round was popular back in Suomi.
Winchester is a close second (again quoting Dr. Roberts):
quote...
Winchester 123 gr JSP (X76239) in Bare Gel:
vel=2253 f/s, pen=14.4”, rd=0.56”, rw=90.1gr
Pretty much the same results when going through car windshields.
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From what I understand, the Federal JSP is very similar to Winchester, but I can't find any numerical confirmation.
Lots of folks will tell you FMJ or soft point, it doesn't matter, but that just isn't true when it comes to incapacitation. Temporary crush cavity from a high performing soft point in this caliber is substantial, and will impart WAY more tissue disruption than the non-fragmenting, non-expanding FMJ. Now, when it comes to Wolf or Barnaul, it IS true that there is no difference -- they perform exactly the same in 7.62. (I don't hate Wolf -- it's a hell of a bargain and I shoot it, too. But it's not a top-notch hunting or SD round).
Just as a note on 5.45, the Barnaul FMJ is a better bet than the JHP. The HP doesn't expand, and the FMJ yaws sooner.