Well that's quite a list of things to decidce on. Most of those things -- sights, stock, etc., depend on what you're using the rifle for as well as your budget.
For the barrel, however, my personal preference if you're going with the carbine length gas system, would be a 16" chrome lined barrel, light under the handguards (M4 or 'Gov't' profile). Typically those barrels also have the M203 cutout in the barrel foreward of the front sight post, which many people want because it's "cool". I recommend this barrel because (1) the chrome these days doesn't really cost you much more, if anything, and (2) the lighter profile, is, well, lighter, which is a good thing unless you're making some sort of super long range or varmint rig.
You have to watch out, though, some barrels like RRA's "R4" barrels are thicker, rather than thinner, under the handguards.