I just started surfcasting last year, but fly fishing for trout is more my speed (if you wouldn't mind moving to LI, i'd take your place in PA!). The best time to fish is a few hours before dusk until a few hours after dawn. You can fish on pretty much any beach, it's not like one will be better that the other. As far as tackle goes, I have a 10" St. Croix "Ben Doerr Surf system" rod and a Penn Spinfisher 6500SS spinning reel (holds 250 yards of 15 LB test). It is rated for lure weights up to 3 ounces, which means it is fine to use with lures (plugs, bucktails, etc) and live eels but you usually about a bit more weight than 3 ozs to hold bottom while bottom fishing with bait.
I fish on Cupsogue beach in Westhampton, NY. It is a good stretch and goes to an inlet. I have a house out there so I just walk it, but you can drive a truck there if you want to. I think you need some special permit from Suffolk County or something. I can't really comment on any other beaches since this is the only place i've fished.
you might want to try stripersurf.com for info, but i've found there is surprisingly little info online. I also found alot of great books in the library. That's all I can think of for now, best of luck.