Holy Smoke, guys! In the normal course of events on this discussion forum, everybody gives their "opinions" about stuff. That is fine.
But a question such as, "you can put a .38 in a .357 revolver but why doesn't a .357 fit in a .38??", is asked, it is time for facts, not opinions.
It has nothing to do with the rim. They are the same.
It has nothing to do with a calling it a .38 when it was actually a .36 so people wouldn't get confused. It is a result of the original "heeled" bullet as described by Jim_Dandy.
The .45ACP and the .45LC have no relationship except being nominally .45 caliber.
Elmer Keith (and others) had been experimenting with loading .38 Specials hot for hunting. He finally convinced S&W to manufacture these hot loads, but they were put in cases that were approximately 1/10th inch longer to prevent them being loaded into older and weaker .38 Specials. Both the .38 Special and the .357 Magnum actually use bullets that are .357 inch in diameter (nominally). Elmer also did basically the same thing with the .44 Special with the result being the .44 Magnum.
19119640 is basically correct about the .45LC being a black powder cartridge originally. The .45ACP was designed to work in the 1911 Browning pistol and to have the same velocity as the .45LC with a smokeless powder and be able to function in a semi-auto.
Opinions are opinions. Facts are facts.