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Link Posted: 4/25/2009 10:48:20 PM EDT
[#1]




Quoted:



Quoted:





Quoted:

we leveled whole cities or rather, countries, burned 100's of thousands alive, nuked 2 cities, and you have a problem with his humanity in his attempts to win a war? hypocritical much?



Bombing a city is destroying a target and any deaths are incidental?






C'mon. Firebombing Dresden and Tokyo was meant to serve one purpose and that was terrorize, demoralize and kill the civlian population.


Only in response to the German bombing of London and the balloon bombs Japan let loose on the United States.



We held the high ground.  Fuck your revisionist history.  

Link Posted: 4/25/2009 10:55:59 PM EDT
[#2]
He was a psycho and a butcher, but I don’t think he was a coward.  He was always more than willing to get into a fight.  The only time he wasn’t was after he killed Heath Ledger and Mel Gibson and company came riding up.  If he would have stayed it would have been him wounded and armed only with a sword vs over a dozen militia members with firearms.  Who wouldnt have ran off to live and fight another day?
Link Posted: 4/25/2009 11:02:11 PM EDT
[#3]
Quoted:
Quoted:

Quoted:
we leveled whole cities or rather, countries, burned 100's of thousands alive, nuked 2 cities, and you have a problem with his humanity in his attempts to win a war?  hypocritical much?

Bombing a city is destroying a target and any deaths are incidental?
 


C'mon. Firebombing Dresden and Tokyo was meant to serve one purpose and that was terrorize, demoralize and kill the civlian population.


this.  we meant to kill the civilians, we just didnt have to deal with the consequences.
Link Posted: 4/25/2009 11:06:30 PM EDT
[#4]
Quoted:

Quoted:
Quoted:

Quoted:
we leveled whole cities or rather, countries, burned 100's of thousands alive, nuked 2 cities, and you have a problem with his humanity in his attempts to win a war? hypocritical much?

Bombing a city is destroying a target and any deaths are incidental?


C'mon. Firebombing Dresden and Tokyo was meant to serve one purpose and that was terrorize, demoralize and kill the civlian population.

Only in response to the German bombing of London and the balloon bombs Japan let loose on the United States.

We held the high ground.  Fuck your revisionist history.  


wait, we held the high ground when we said "fuck you we're gonna kill your civilians too"?    how the fuck does that work?  the balloon bombs killed all of what 5 people by complete accident?  hell it was all by the same bomb.   its not revisionist because we started using their tactics, albeit more efficiently, to win the war.  get off your high horse.  does this mean it was wrong to do so? not really, it just means that the hypocrisy is thicker than dog shit.
Link Posted: 4/25/2009 11:10:33 PM EDT
[#5]
Quoted:

Quoted:
Quoted:

Quoted:
we leveled whole cities or rather, countries, burned 100's of thousands alive, nuked 2 cities, and you have a problem with his humanity in his attempts to win a war? hypocritical much?

Bombing a city is destroying a target and any deaths are incidental?


C'mon. Firebombing Dresden and Tokyo was meant to serve one purpose and that was terrorize, demoralize and kill the civlian population.

Only in response to the German bombing of London and the balloon bombs Japan let loose on the United States.

We held the high ground.  Fuck your revisionist history.  


Actually, you're the one revising history...

The doctrine of strategic bombing as a means of trying to 'win a war' by breaking citizen morale was promoted by air power advocates on all sides...

The fact that this reprehensible tactic failed EVERY TIME it was used, does not legitimize it...
Link Posted: 4/25/2009 11:12:36 PM EDT
[#6]
Quoted:

Quoted:
we leveled whole cities or rather, countries, burned 100's of thousands alive, nuked 2 cities, and you have a problem with his humanity in his attempts to win a war?  hypocritical much?

Bombing a city is destroying a target and any deaths are incidental?
 


In terms of conventional warfare (no nukes) it's now a war crime...

It took WWII for us to realize this...

1) It predominantly kills civilians

2) The civillian casualties are disproportionate to any military advantage gained by the use of the tactic...

Link Posted: 4/25/2009 11:22:46 PM EDT
[#7]
whats funny is that shortly after The Patriot, he played a gay transvestite in Sweet November...

Link Posted: 4/25/2009 11:23:10 PM EDT
[#8]
Quoted:
Quoted:
the man was a coward who used ruthless and terroristic methods to reach his goals of destroying a military unit and crush a "rebellion". Even his own commanding officer regarded him with contempt.


You could see it like that or you could see it as a great sacrifice for his country


No, if a US soldier sets fire to a church full of noncombatants to include women and children I will gladly and eternally refer to him as a worthless coward deserving of death.
Link Posted: 4/25/2009 11:34:53 PM EDT
[#9]
I guess in some ways it all depends on who is doing what to whom.

Some might say that "One countries freedom fighter is anothers terrorist".

I don't believe in rewriting history or now condeming our country for what was done to save the US and our allies. Yes the bombing of Dresden was terrible and the nuking of Japan was not a happy event. I do think these things were done to end the war quicker and save lives in the long run, even if just American soldiers lives. I think we would have had to land a million troops in Japan to get them to surrender otherwise. Thousands of lives were saved on both sides. We already had a small taste of how the fanatical Japanese would have been willing to sacrifice its people in the form of the Kamikaze and the civilians and soldiers who were doing suicidal attacks on our soldiers on Okinawa.  

I do believe that the west, the US has learned from what it had to do to end the war. Look at how relatively few collateral deaths we have now. It is one of the reasons we developed the smart weapons.
Link Posted: 4/25/2009 11:36:37 PM EDT
[#10]
Quoted:
Naw. Just a little "over zealous".


I'll go with this.

Link Posted: 4/26/2009 1:48:48 AM EDT
[#11]
Quoted:
I guess in some ways it all depends on who is doing what to whom.

Some might say that "One countries freedom fighter is anothers terrorist".

I don't believe in rewriting history or now condeming our country for what was done to save the US and our allies. Yes the bombing of Dresden was terrible and the nuking of Japan was not a happy event. I do think these things were done to end the war quicker and save lives in the long run, even if just American soldiers lives. I think we would have had to land a million troops in Japan to get them to surrender otherwise. Thousands of lives were saved on both sides. We already had a small taste of how the fanatical Japanese would have been willing to sacrifice its people in the form of the Kamikaze and the civilians and soldiers who were doing suicidal attacks on our soldiers on Okinawa.  

I do believe that the west, the US has learned from what it had to do to end the war. Look at how relatively few collateral deaths we have now. It is one of the reasons we developed the smart weapons.


The deployment of nuclear weapons to end WWII was justified...

City bombing with conventional ordnance was an abject failure, and was made 'unjustified' right after the war....

The difference was military necessity & proportionality - namely, the conventional city bombing was too ineffective for the amount of collateral damage caused...

The 2 nukes were effective enough that they actually saved more civillian and military lives than they took...

I am NOT an antinuclear hippie, condemning the US for using nukes in WWII...

I do, however, consider strategic bombing a waste of resources, lives & ordnance in most cases - both then and now....
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 1:50:24 AM EDT
[#12]
His country lost and he got wonderfully killed.

FAIL.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 1:51:13 AM EDT
[#13]
Quoted:
His country lost and he got wonderfully killed.

FAIL.



He was the bad guy in a movie, what did you expect?

Bad guys live/get away when there is to be a sequel (like Vader in Star Wars: New Hope)...

Because 'it is written' that way...
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 1:55:18 AM EDT
[#14]
Quoted:
Quoted:
His country lost and he got wonderfully killed.

FAIL.



He was the bad guy in a movie, what did you expect?


William Wallace got his guts ripped out screaming "FREEDOM" in Braveheart.

I wasn't sure what Mel had in store for his character or the douche Brit. I enjoyed the evil Brit's killing immensely, as Mel [I would suppose] intended.

I knew the US won, but given the fictionalized characters who knew? Charlton Heston had a long term thing going about him dying at the end of his movies. I wasn't sure Mel wasn't on the same kick.

Link Posted: 4/26/2009 1:56:18 AM EDT
[#15]
Naw.  I can't say I am a fan.





Link Posted: 4/26/2009 2:38:53 AM EDT
[#16]
Quoted:
Quoted:
Quoted:
the man was a coward who used ruthless and terroristic methods to reach his goals of destroying a military unit and crush a "rebellion". Even his own commanding officer regarded him with contempt.


You could see it like that or you could see it as a great sacrifice for his country


No, if a US soldier sets fire to a church full of noncombatants to include women and children I will gladly and eternally refer to him as a worthless coward deserving of death.


Would that include the FBI, ATF and US Marshals?
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 2:46:53 AM EDT
[#17]
this reminds me of an episode of the Twilight Zone where a Confederate scout has the opportunity to freeze all union soldiers using black magic. He decides not to enlist the help of the devil, and decides "if the Confederacy is to be buried, let it be buried in hollowed ground". this sort of reminds me of that. there is a right way of winning and a wrong way of winning, i think the guy from the Patriot was doing it the wrong way
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 3:14:40 AM EDT
[#18]
Quoted:
this reminds me of an episode of the Twilight Zone where a Confederate scout has the opportunity to freeze all union soldiers using black magic. He decides not to enlist the help of the devil, and decides "if the Confederacy is to be buried, let it be buried in hollowed ground". this sort of reminds me of that. there is a right way of winning and a wrong way of winning, i think the guy from the Patriot was doing it the wrong way


You can watch that episode "Still Valley" here: http://www.imdb.com/video/cbs/vi4522009/
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 3:43:44 AM EDT
[#19]
Quoted:
Quoted:
The character is based on Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton. He was a British cavalry officer but didn't fight in the south until 1780. He was accused of killing prisoners after their surrender in what is known as the Waxhaw massacre. Although the British account is that some colonials continued to fire after the flag of surrender had been raised. He was considered a terrible villain by the colonials after that. The event helped to sway a lot of southerners who had up to then remained neutral or loyal to England. The truth of what really happened is still not really known.


+1

The Colonials coined the phrase,"Terleton's Quarter", when they intended to take no prisoners as they did at King's Mountain.


Tarleton was at Yorktown when Cornwallis surrendered.  After the surrender, Washington invited Cornwallis and his officers to dine with Washington and his officers –– but Washington specifically excluded Tarleton from the invitation.  And back then, that was a HUGE deal.

I remember going to Kings Mountain and Cowpens when I was a kid in the 1970s.  When the guide mentioned Banastre Tarleton's name, my mother spat on the ground   Thus proving Faulker's saying, "in the South, the past isn't dead; it isn't even the past!"
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 5:09:27 AM EDT
[#20]
Give me a squad of US Marines with modern weapons and we'll find out how bad-ass he is.....
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 5:23:35 AM EDT
[#21]
But was he Jack Bauers great, great grandad?????????
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 5:24:49 AM EDT
[#22]
Quoted:
this reminds me of an episode of the Twilight Zone where a Confederate scout has the opportunity to freeze all union soldiers using black magic. He decides not to enlist the help of the devil, and decides "if the Confederacy is to be buried, let it be buried in hollowed ground". this sort of reminds me of that. there is a right way of winning and a wrong way of winning, i think the guy from the Patriot was doing it the wrong way


Since point of view on one's actions is very strong in this thread and you brought up the Twilight Zone it reminds me of the episode "The Invaders".  I love the twist at the end.

A flying saucer lands in the attic of an isolated house inhabited by an impoverished woman - who soon becomes panic-stricken as tiny spacemen begin to stalk her!

The Invaders
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 6:54:42 AM EDT
[#23]
Quoted:
Give me a squad of US Marines with modern weapons and we'll find out how bad-ass he is.....


Give you a squad of US Marines with modern weapons and we’ll be able to find out how badass a single 18th century warrior with 18th century weaponry really is?

Um, ok
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 7:10:01 AM EDT
[#24]
Quoted:
Quoted:
He was no coward, he fought like hell in the hand to hand. This is a common fallacy we're guilty of in the modern world. That if one fights on the side of wrong they're an imbecile, a coward, or both.


He was a champion for his side. Sometimes the champion for the enemy is more deserving of respect than the weakest men on your side.

George Patton certainly felt this way.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 8:27:28 AM EDT
[#25]
Quoted:
Quoted:
Quoted:
the man was a coward who used ruthless and terroristic methods to reach his goals of destroying a military unit and crush a "rebellion". Even his own commanding officer regarded him with contempt.


You could see it like that or you could see it as a great sacrifice for his country


No, if a US soldier sets fire to a church full of noncombatants to include women and children I will gladly and eternally refer to him as a worthless coward deserving of death.


This takes place in an entirely different era

Lets not forget most people in that church were either the enemy or aiding the enemy
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 8:27:54 AM EDT
[#26]
Quoted:
Quoted:
this reminds me of an episode of the Twilight Zone where a Confederate scout has the opportunity to freeze all union soldiers using black magic. He decides not to enlist the help of the devil, and decides "if the Confederacy is to be buried, let it be buried in hollowed ground". this sort of reminds me of that. there is a right way of winning and a wrong way of winning, i think the guy from the Patriot was doing it the wrong way


You can watch that episode "Still Valley" here: http://www.imdb.com/video/cbs/vi4522009/


That is one of the best TZs
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 8:39:05 AM EDT
[#27]
I thought he had a "pretty boy" thing going myself, like the director wanted to make him not only an evil bastard but effeminate as well.

I'm not sure as I wasn't there but I had a hard time believing a British Officer would burn women and children in a church, I'm not saying its not impossible but I just don't think they would go there.

I'm guessing one of the keys to us winning the Revolutionary War was that the Brits knew that they were wrong.  The moral highground went to to the colonists.  For the average red coat private it was like,"Shite bloke, why the fuck do I want to die for this shithole and steal tax money from these wankers?  I just want to get back to England and listen to Mozarts greatest hits!"

Link Posted: 4/26/2009 8:49:43 AM EDT
[#28]
Quoted:
Give me a squad of US Marines with modern weapons and we'll find out how bad-ass he is.....


That just proves how bad-ass you think you are.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 8:54:56 AM EDT
[#29]
C'mon guys, it's a friggin' movie. Pure fiction not based on any real event.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 8:58:38 AM EDT
[#30]
You don't win a war by fighting in such a way as to inflict as few casualties as possible.  You want to kill as MANY as possible.  Including civilians, women and kids.  Anybody wonder why our enemies these days keep on coming back?  It's because we haven't ERADICATED them off the fucking earth in their entirety.  



If you want to win a war, ask yourself one question before you get started:  What would Attila do?  Answer it honestly, and then go and do that.  If you wipe out entire cities, entire countries, you will win.  If you knock down a few buildings, and kill a few "terrorists" or "insurgents", all you've really done is piss off their supporters, wives and children.  And guess what?  They're going to keep coming back.



A lot of you guys need to wake up and smell the fucking coffee.  War is hell.  People die.  Including women and kids.  From a purely logical standpoint, the more death and destruction you bring to your enemies, the better.  The more widespread it is, the better.  War is NOT a civilized endeavor... stop fighting like it is.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:00:40 AM EDT
[#31]
Quoted:
You don't win a war by fighting in such a way as to inflict as few casualties as possible.  You want to kill as MANY as possible.  Including civilians, women and kids.  Anybody wonder why our enemies these days keep on coming back?  It's because we haven't ERADICATED them off the fucking earth in their entirety.  

If you want to win a war, ask yourself one question before you get started:  What would Attila do?  Answer it honestly, and then go and do that.  If you wipe out entire cities, entire countries, you will win.  If you knock down a few buildings, and kill a few "terrorists" or "insurgents", all you've really done is piss off their supporters, wives and children.  And guess what?  They're going to keep coming back.

A lot of you guys need to wake up and smell the fucking coffee.  War is hell.  People die.  Including women and kids.  From a purely logical standpoint, the more death and destruction you bring to your enemies, the better.  The more widespread it is, the better.  War is NOT a civilized endeavor... stop fighting like it is.


So the My Lai massacre was OK to you then?
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:03:38 AM EDT
[#32]
Quoted:
Quoted:
I see where you are coming from, but having a consistent moral backing here on arf will get you flamed. Most of the folks who say "hell, yeah, we should torch the mosques" will be appalled at your suggestion, as he was harming Americans, therefore changing everything. Me, well, I'd be sickened by the actions of those perpetrating war crimes today, just as I'm sickened by the actions of British forces during the revolution. IMHO, anyone who throws away their humanity to become a winner hasn't won anything.


Except the war. Tarvington was willing to do what was necessary.


In the end he lost both.   So your point is wrong.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:05:23 AM EDT
[#33]
Quoted:

I'm not sure as I wasn't there but I had a hard time believing a British Officer would burn women and children in a church, I'm not saying its not impossible but I just don't think they would go there.



You really need to brush up on your history.  Things that like DID occur.  In fact, the character of Col. Tavington was based on Col. Banastre Tarleton.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:08:50 AM EDT
[#34]
Quoted:
Quoted:
His country lost and he got wonderfully killed.

FAIL.



He was the bad guy in a movie, what did you expect?

Bad guys live/get away when there is to be a sequel (like Vader in Star Wars: New Hope)...

Because 'it is written' that way...




I think you should use this as your avatar


Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:10:25 AM EDT
[#35]





Quoted:





Quoted:


You don't win a war by fighting in such a way as to inflict as few casualties as possible.  You want to kill as MANY as possible.  Including civilians, women and kids.  Anybody wonder why our enemies these days keep on coming back?  It's because we haven't ERADICATED them off the fucking earth in their entirety.  





If you want to win a war, ask yourself one question before you get started:  What would Attila do?  Answer it honestly, and then go and do that.  If you wipe out entire cities, entire countries, you will win.  If you knock down a few buildings, and kill a few "terrorists" or "insurgents", all you've really done is piss off their supporters, wives and children.  And guess what?  They're going to keep coming back.





A lot of you guys need to wake up and smell the fucking coffee.  War is hell.  People die.  Including women and kids.  From a purely logical standpoint, the more death and destruction you bring to your enemies, the better.  The more widespread it is, the better.  War is NOT a civilized endeavor... stop fighting like it is.






So the My Lai massacre was OK to you then?





Done on a large scale, to all of our enemy's people, yeah.  Most definitely.  That's what SHOULD have happened to ALL of North Vietnam.  Every fucking village.  If you wipe out your enemy entirely, they are no longer a threat.  If you leave their support structure and families in place, they will come back later.  And they will eventually win due to your unwillingness to eradicate them.





But I'm in the extreme minority these days, as most people don't really want to win badly enough to do what is necessary.  They want to win and be the good guy, which is simply not possible if your wish is to TRULY win.





The Islamic extremists understand this.  They just lack the manpower and resources to see it through.  This is why we will never beat them.  They are training their children right now to hate and kill us.  But hey... that's okay with you, right?  The bottom line is... IF you truly want to win a war, you have to kill them all, or make it obvious to them that fighting you is the most horrible thing imaginable.





 
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:12:18 AM EDT
[#36]
Sacrifice?!!!... Sacrifice what?
Remember, he said his family fortune at home had already been squandered by his father.
AND...In return for sullying his reputation... he wanted "OHIO".
In the grand scheme, he would have been a "Lord", if the English had won.

A "super badass" does not burn alive, a church full of civillians (who are, in fact his countrymen BTW).
In fact... He did that even after he got the information he was seeking out of them.

Now, the ACTOR who played Tavington... HE IS a "super badass actor".
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:16:20 AM EDT
[#37]
Quoted:
Quoted:
the man was a coward who used ruthless and terroristic methods to reach his goals of destroying a military unit and crush a "rebellion". Even his own commanding officer regarded him with contempt.


You could see it like that or you could see it as a great sacrifice for his country


If you had really watched the movie you would have seen the scene where he was reprimanded for his brutal tactics by his commanding officer. He was not fighting for his country, just under its banner. He was really fighting for his own personal gain and wealth. To paraphrase his line, I advance my station through victory.

When his commanding officer became willing to sacrifice his own morals for victory by allowing Col. Tavington free reign the "badass" negotiated a pay raise. [://

Thanks for playing.

Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:20:07 AM EDT
[#38]
Quoted:
Quoted:
Quoted:
I see where you are coming from, but having a consistent moral backing here on arf will get you flamed. Most of the folks who say "hell, yeah, we should torch the mosques" will be appalled at your suggestion, as he was harming Americans, therefore changing everything. Me, well, I'd be sickened by the actions of those perpetrating war crimes today, just as I'm sickened by the actions of British forces during the revolution. IMHO, anyone who throws away their humanity to become a winner hasn't won anything.


Except the war. Tarvington was willing to do what was necessary.


In the end he lost both.   So your point is wrong.


If all the British had acted like Tavington they would have stood a better chance. In the movie Cornwallis wants to follow deluded notions of honor and do the hostage trade/fight traditionally instead of ambushing the raiders, which Tavington does. The rebels who won were just as ruthless, they were just on our side.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:20:20 AM EDT
[#39]
I don't remember that part but it sounds like his CO was a pussy that didn't really want to win the war
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:21:14 AM EDT
[#40]
Quoted:

Quoted:
Quoted:
You don't win a war by fighting in such a way as to inflict as few casualties as possible.  You want to kill as MANY as possible.  Including civilians, women and kids.  Anybody wonder why our enemies these days keep on coming back?  It's because we haven't ERADICATED them off the fucking earth in their entirety.  

If you want to win a war, ask yourself one question before you get started:  What would Attila do?  Answer it honestly, and then go and do that.  If you wipe out entire cities, entire countries, you will win.  If you knock down a few buildings, and kill a few "terrorists" or "insurgents", all you've really done is piss off their supporters, wives and children.  And guess what?  They're going to keep coming back.

A lot of you guys need to wake up and smell the fucking coffee.  War is hell.  People die.  Including women and kids.  From a purely logical standpoint, the more death and destruction you bring to your enemies, the better.  The more widespread it is, the better.  War is NOT a civilized endeavor... stop fighting like it is.


So the My Lai massacre was OK to you then?

Done on a large scale, to all of our enemy's people, yeah.  Most definitely.  That's what SHOULD have happened to ALL of North Vietnam.  Every fucking village.  If you wipe out your enemy entirely, they are no longer a threat.  If you leave their support structure and families in place, they will come back later.  And they will eventually win due to your unwillingness to eradicate them.

But I'm in the extreme minority these days, as most people don't really want to win badly enough to do what is necessary.  They want to win and be the good guy, which is simply not possible if your wish is to TRULY win.

The Islamic extremists understand this.  They just lack the manpower and resources to see it through.  This is why we will never beat them.  They are training their children right now to hate and kill us.  But hey... that's okay with you, right?  The bottom line is... IF you truly want to win a war, you have to kill them all, or make it obvious to them that fighting you is the most horrible thing imaginable.
 


I do not agree with you.  There are still Japanese and Germans around now contributing to the world after we showed them the light because we didn't need to kill them all.  

I think there have been instances where the US could have been more agressive or decisive but "kill em all, let god sort em out" went out of style with Ghengis Khan.

I have served two tours in Iraq and preparing for another deployment in 2010, I have lost comrades know plenty injured, please do not attempt at lecturing me of what war is or how it should be.


Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:45:04 AM EDT
[#41]
Quoted:
I don't remember that part but it sounds like his CO was a pussy that didn't really want to win the war





Well my point was not really about how big a pussy the British CO was.

I just wanted to clarify the statement about the Col. being a patriot and making sacrifices for his country. When in fact he was making no sacrifices, just selling his talents for a higher salary. Do you consider going to work a sacrifice? I certainly don't. I sell my time and talents to the highest bidder and I feel that I get more out of the deal than my employer. When I feel that my employer is getting the better end of the deal I renegotiate or leave. Which is the same as what the Col. did in the movie. Call it good, call it bad, but don't call it a sacrifice.

FWIW the subject of right vs wrong and good vs bad during armed conflict is and will be debated forever. A really good book on this subject is Code of the Warrior.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 9:56:27 AM EDT
[#42]
This erudite and highly interesting and compelling article in the most recent New York Review of Books comes down against Tavington:

http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22664

In 2005, Asa Kasher and Amos Yadlin published in an American academic journal "Assassination and Preventive Killing,"[1] an essay that explores the issue of "assassination within the framework of fighting terror." There are good reasons to believe that the political and practical significance of this essay goes far beyond its academic interest. Asa Kasher is professor of professional ethics and philosophy of practice at Tel Aviv University and an academic adviser to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Amos Yadlin is a major general who at the time the article appeared was the military attaché of the embassy of Israel in Washington; he is currently the head of Israeli army intelligence.

The writers are quick to point out that the "views expressed in the present paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the...IDF or the State of Israel." But the issue is not whether their views are official, but whether they are in fact influential in the Israeli army. Soon after the recent Israeli intervention in Gaza, Amos Harel argued in Haaretz (February 6, 2009) that the guidelines suggested in the article are indeed the ones that govern the IDF's conduct in battle. This claim has since been both affirmed and denied by Israeli soldiers. We will not join that dispute here, but given the intense interest in Israel's rules of engagement in the Gaza fighting, it's critically important to address Kasher and Yadlin's argument.

We are not going to deal here with the issue of targeted assassination, which is the paper's explicit subject. Instead we want to challenge what the authors say is their most "important and sensitive" claim. Kasher and Yadlin ask:

   What priority should be given to the duty to minimize casualties among the combatants of the state when they are engaged in combat...against terror?

When they write of combatants of "the state," the authors mean states in general, including the armed forces of the state of Israel. By "terror" they mean the intentional killing of civilians, as by members of Hamas in recent years. And this is their answer:

   Usually, the duty to minimize casualties among combatants during combat is last on the list of priorities, or next to last, if terrorists are excluded from the category of noncombatants. We firmly reject such a conception because it is immoral. A combatant is a citizen in uniform. In Israel, quite often, he is a conscript or on reserve duty. His state ought to have a compelling reason for jeopardizing his life. The fact that persons involved in terror are depicted as noncombatants and that they reside and act in the vicinity of persons not involved in terror is not a reason for jeopardizing the combatant's life in their pursuit.... The terrorists shoulder the responsibility for their encounter with the combatant and should therefore bear the consequences.

And they go on:

   Where the state does not have effective control of the vicinity, it does not have to shoulder responsibility for the fact that persons who are involved in terror operate in the vicinity of persons who are not.

One quick remark is in order. There is nothing in these quotations that hinges on the word "terrorists." Replace that word with "enemy combatants" and the argument remains the same. Kasher and Yadlin are simply assuming that the war against the enemy is a just war. Their claim, crudely put, is that in such a war the safety of "our" soldiers takes precedence over the safety of "their" civilians.

Our main contention is that this claim is wrong and dangerous. It erodes the distinction between combatants and noncombatants, which is critical to the theory of justice in war (jus in bello). No good reasons are given for the erosion.

The point of just war theory is to regulate warfare, to limit its occasions, and to regulate its conduct and legitimate scope. Wars between states should never be total wars between nations or peoples. Whatever happens to the two armies involved, whichever one wins or loses, whatever the nature of the battles or the extent of the casualties, the two nations, the two peoples, must be functioning communities at the war's end. The war cannot be a war of extermination or ethnic cleansing. And what is true for states is also true for state-like political bodies such as Hamas and Hezbollah, whether they practice terrorism or not. The people they represent or claim to represent are a people like any other.

The main attribute of a state is its monopoly on the legitimate use of violence. Fighting against a state is fighting against the human instruments of that monopoly—and not against anyone else. It might be a morally nicer world if states would agree to limit their wars even more and to be represented by champions like David and Goliath. In settling disputes a gladiatorial duel would be better than a war. But duels like that take place in the Bible or in Homeric epics, not in the real world. In the real world, we watch with dismay a tendency to enlarge, rather than to reduce, the scope of wars. In World War I, only 15 percent of the casualties were civilians, whereas in World War II the civilian total reached 50 percent.

The crucial means for limiting the scope of warfare is to draw a sharp line between combatants and noncombatants. This is the only morally relevant distinction that all those involved in a war can agree on. We should think of terrorism as a concerted effort to blur this distinction so as to turn civilians into legitimate targets. When fighting against terrorism, we should not imitate it.

The contrast between combatants and noncombatants is not a contrast between innocent civilians on the one hand and guilty soldiers on the other. Civilians are not necessarily innocent, in the sense of being free from guilt for evildoing. German civilians who were enthusiastic supporters of the Nazis were certainly not innocent in that sense. Innocence is a term of art: noncombatants are innocent because they do not participate directly in the war effort; they lack the capacity to injure, whereas combatants qua combatants acquire this capacity. And it is the capacity to injure that makes combatants legitimate targets in the context of war. Men and women without that capacity are not legitimate targets. (Workers in weapons and munitions factories create the means to injure and are legitimate targets. As Elizabeth Anscombe argued long ago, workers making K-rations, food for the soldiers, do not create the means to injure and are not legitimate targets. But these issues are not our subject here.)[2]

Combatants are accountable only for their conduct in war. They do not become criminals because they are fighting in an aggressive war, and they don't acquire immunity from attack because they are fighting a just war, on the side of the angels. The presumption of just war theory is that all the combatants believe that their country is fighting a just war. This is a necessary and also a reasonable presumption, given the way those who become combatants are brought up, educated, and indoctrinated. We can demand of soldiers that they react morally to concrete combat situations; we can't demand that they judge correctly the moral merit of the reasons their political leaders give them for going to war.

The presumption that combatants have a subjective justification to fight can be rebutted. Mercenaries, or participants in a drug cartel's battle with the government, or soldiers in a war of extermination are not presumed to have subjective moral justification. Mercenaries and mobsters believe, of course, that they join the war for good money, but they don't believe that they do so for good moral reasons. The beliefs of genocidaires don't matter in judging their behavior; we make no presumption in their favor. For the greater number of cases in modern history, however, the presumption holds.

When two sides to a war claim that justice is on their side, they usually make incompatible claims, but not contradictory claims. When claims are contradictory, the two sides cannot both be right, and they cannot both be wrong. If one side says, "10,000 civilians were killed in the war," and the other side says, "No, it is not the case that 10,000 civilians were killed in the war," one of them is right and the other is wrong. When claims are incompatible, by contrast, both sides can be wrong—as when one side says that UN vehicles are green and the other side says that they are yellow—but they cannot both be right.

Incompatibility rather than contradiction is the case in most (though certainly not all) wars: both sides fight a war that is objectively unjust, and both sides believe subjectively that justice is on their side. And indeed, they may each have just grievances against the other, and so their conflict may have elements of tragedy. But logically, they cannot both have just reasons for going to war. It may be that one of them is justified in fighting and the other isn't. But it is also possible, and common in human history, that neither side has a good reason to fight. The fact that both sides may be wrong, and often are, is another reason to refuse to blame soldiers for participating in a war, any war. Even if their country is wrong, they have a right to fight. We blame them only for immoral conduct in the course of the war.

The position that we mean to oppose is the opposite of this view. It holds that only the side that is fighting for a just cause (our side) has a right to fight, and that soldiers on the other side have no rights at all. Anything they do is immoral, whether they attack our soldiers or our civilians. And since our soldiers and civilians are equally innocent, we cannot ask our soldiers to take risks to protect enemy civilians. Those civilians have been put at risk by the immoral conduct of their soldiers.

The two senses of just war, jus ad bellum, the justice of the decision to go to war, and jus in bello, the justice of the conduct of war, have to be kept separate. Heads of states should be mainly accountable for the first, soldiers and their officers for the second. Blurring this line of separation undermines the categorical distinction between combatants and noncombatants, and it puts noncombatants (on whichever is taken to be the wrong side) at risk in new and dangerous ways.

The presumption of subjective justification applies to the combatants of Hamas and Hezbollah. They should, of course, be accountable for their conduct in war, especially when they make civilians the primary targets of their attack—and also when they deliberately use civilians as human shields. But neither of these crimes allows their enemies to give up their own obligation to avoid or minimize civilian injuries and deaths.

Each side in a war quite naturally views its soldiers not as helmeted warriors but as "our kids," young, pure, and innocent, who have been trained and issued uniforms by the state and who find themselves endangered by a cruel enemy. On many occasions, the public cares more for the life of its soldiers than for the life of its civilians. It is this understandable but morally misguided sentiment that creeps into the Kasher-Yadlin paper when they write: "A combatant is a citizen in uniform"—so as to convince us that we should not ask our soldiers to take risks to save the lives of noncombatants on the other side. This isn't the same as saying that a diplomat is a citizen in the uniform of a head waiter. A uniform in the case of combatants is not merely conventional; it is the crucial sign of the distinction between combatants and noncombatants—the distinction that guerrillas and terrorists try to obscure by not wearing uniforms.

This is what each side should say to its soldiers:

   By wearing a uniform, you take on yourself a risk that is borne only by those who have been trained to injure others (and to protect themselves). You should not shift this risk onto those who haven't been trained, who lack the capacity to injure; whether they are brothers or others. The moral justification for this requirement lies in the idea that violence is evil, and that we should limit the scope of violence as much as is realistically possible. As a soldier, you are asked to take an extra risk for the sake of limiting the scope of the war. Combatants are the Davids and Goliaths of their communities. You are our David.

How do Kasher and Yadlin blur the distinction between combatants and noncombatants? By enabling "our" combatants to jump the queue for their own safety—so that their safety comes before the safety of civilians (whoever they are). For Kasher and Yadlin, there no longer is a categorical distinction between combatants and noncombatants. But the distinction should be categorical, since its whole point is to limit wars to those—only those—who have the capacity to injure (or who provide the means to injure).

Here is a concrete example that will help us to think about whether "our" combatants or "their" civilians should be given priority. Before the 2006 war in Lebanon, there were rumors in the Israeli press that Hezbollah planned to capture kibbutz Manara in northern Israel adjacent to the Lebanese border. We don't know how much credence to give to those reports, but the idea of capturing a kibbutz sounds plausible enough; we will use it as a thought experiment to test the rival priority claims.

Assume that Hezbollah carried out this plan and took effective control of the area of Manara. Now consider four possible scenarios:

1. Hezbollah captured Manara and held all its members, Israeli citizens, as hostages. Hezbollah combatants mingle with the kibbutz members so as to be shielded by them from any counterattack.

2. Hezbollah captured only the outskirts of Manara, and a group of pro-Israeli, noncombatant volunteers from outside Israel—not Israeli citizens—who worked in Ma-nara and lived near the border were seized and used as human shields.

3. Instead of well-wishing volunteers as in scenario 2, we now have a group of protesters from abroad, who traveled to the northern border of Israel to raise their voices against Israel's policy toward Lebanon. As it happened, Hezbollah did not pay much attention to their protest, but seized and used them as its human shields.

4. Before Hezbollah captured Ma-nara, the kibbutz was evacuated, and now Hezbollah brings in civilian villagers from South Lebanon, in order to claim that the kibbutz land belongs to them, but also to use them as human shields.

In all four cases, Israel is about to launch a military operation to recapture Manara. Note that Hezbollah has effective control of the kibbutz and controls the fate of the different noncombatants held there. We claim that Israel is morally required to behave in all those cases the way it would behave in the first case, when its citizens are held by Hezbollah in "a mixed vicinity."

Whatever Israel deems acceptable as "collateral damage" when its own captured citizens are at risk—that should be the moral limit in the other cases too. If, as an Israeli, you think that a military operation will cause excessive harm to Israeli civilians, you should have equal concern for the excessive harm done to other civilians, whether they are welcome guests, unwelcome guests, or enemy noncombatants. The rules of engagement for Israeli soldiers are the same in all the cases, no matter how they feel toward the different groups. And if they observe those rules, and take the morally necessary risks, responsibility for the deaths of Hezbollah's human shields—in all the cases—falls only on Hezbollah.

What degree of risk should Israeli soldiers assume in the first scenario? We can't answer that question with any precision. They don't have to take suicidal risks, certainly; nor do they have to take risks that make the recapture of Manara impossibly difficult. They are fighting against enemies who try to kill Israeli civilians and intentionally put civilians at risk by using them as cover. Israel condemns those practices; at the same time, however, it kills far more civilians than its enemies do, though without intending the deaths as a matter of policy. (Thirteen Israelis died in the Gaza fighting, some of them from friendly fire; between 1,200 and 1,400 Gazans were killed, half or more of them civilians.) But merely "not intending" the civilian deaths, while knowing that they will occur, is not a position that can be vindicated by Israel's condemnation of terrorism. So how can Israel prove its opposition to the practices of its enemies? Its soldiers must, by contrast with its enemies, intend not to kill civilians, and that active intention can be made manifest only through the risks the soldiers themselves accept in order to reduce the risks to civilians.

There is nothing unusual in this demand, and nothing unique to Israel. When soldiers in Afghanistan, or Sri Lanka, or Gaza take fire from the rooftop of a building, they should not pull back and call for artillery or air strikes that may destroy most or all of the people in or near the building; they should try to get close enough to the building to find out who is inside or to aim directly at the fighters on the roof. Without a willingness to fight in that way, Israel's condemnation of terrorism and of the use of human shields by its enemies rings hollow; no one will believe it.

But shouldn't there be a difference between noncombatants forced to intermingle with Hezbollah combatants and those who intermingle voluntarily—for example, the villagers who came to Manara perhaps hoping to acquire kibbutz land?

This is a tricky question, and Israelis should be sensitive to its implications. The military headquarters of the Israeli army—including its war situation room—is located in the middle of north Tel Aviv, in one of its most expensive residential areas. This is no secret, and the civilians living near the headquarters knowingly put themselves at risk. Should they be more at risk because they live there voluntarily? We don't think so. They may be entitled to more protection from their own state. But whatever collateral damage is tolerable in a war justly conducted is tolerable for them, and no more. They are clearly noncombatants, and the rules that apply to the treatment of noncombatants apply to them.

Kasher and Yadlin claim that "jeopardizing combatants rather than bystanders during a military act against a terrorist would mean shouldering responsibility for the mixed nature of the vicinity for no reason at all." We agree that the terrorists are often responsible for the "mixed nature of the vicinity"—they may mingle, for example, with people in a marketplace in order to hide or they may fire weapons from the houses of innocent civilians—but that does not alter the responsibility of soldiers to minimize as best they can the risks to noncombatant bystanders. If there is "no reason" for responsibility of this sort, if the lives of "our" soldiers really take priority over "their" civilians, then why couldn't the soldiers use those civilians as shields? Since they have not created the "mixed vicinity," why can't they in turn take advantage of it? We don't see how Kasher and Yadlin can avoid providing justification for a practice that Israel officially condemns and that we believe they believe is despicable: the use of noncombatants as human shields for combatants.

We hope that Kasher and Yadlin will agree that the degree of risk that Is-raeli soldiers must accept in the "mixed vicinity" of Manara is the same in all of our four cases, whoever is responsible for the presence of people with different allegiances and identities. It is not that responsibility for the mix is irrelevant, but that the side that creates the mix does not thereby free the other side from its own moral obligations. The claim, in this case, that Hezbollah's actions conferred that kind of freedom would not be taken seriously in Israel if Israeli civilians, bystanders, were in the mix.

This is the guideline we advocate: Conduct your war in the presence of noncombatants on the other side with the same care as if your citizens were the noncombatants. A guideline like that should not seem strange to people who are guided by the counterfactual line from the Passover Haggadah, "In every generation, a man must regard himself as if he had come out of Egypt."
Notes

[1]SAIS Review, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Winter–Spring 2005).

[2]See The Collected Philosophical Papers of G.E.M. Anscombe, Volume Three: Ethics, Religion and Politics (University of Minnesota Press, 1981), p. 53.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 10:10:16 AM EDT
[#43]
Quoted:

Quoted:
I'd say 'heartless coward that deserved to be tortured to death' would be a more accurate description.

Yeah dude.  I don't count shooting kids and wounded EPWs as a coolness modifier in my book.
 


and burning civilians alive
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 10:24:50 AM EDT
[#44]
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 10:38:20 AM EDT
[#45]
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 10:45:03 AM EDT
[#46]
So what about the character mel gibson portrayed? He was probably a worse villain in all actuality.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 11:08:29 AM EDT
[#47]
ARFCOM amazes me…

Always raging at Hollywierd making up shit until it makes up shit that happens to suit some peoples wish fulfillment…


FACT: There is no evidence of any instances of civilians being locked in churches and being burned alive during the War of Independence.


I'm sure if Mel Gibson had shown the British with horns on their heads some of you here would swear blind it was the truth.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 11:10:26 AM EDT
[#48]
Quoted:
Quoted:

Quoted:
I'd say 'heartless coward that deserved to be tortured to death' would be a more accurate description.

Yeah dude.  I don't count shooting kids and wounded EPWs as a coolness modifier in my book.
 


and burning civilians alive


Who were aiding the enemy. Some of those that were burned we also enemy combatants. Was it the best thing to do? Not exactly but I can see why he did it.
Link Posted: 4/26/2009 11:15:15 AM EDT
[#49]
Quoted:
Quoted:
I really used to hate his character and then as I was watching it tonight I realized he was just doing what he thought was necessary even though his life back home would be over. He wanted to win and was willing to do everything possible to do so, I consider that admirable


+1. We all fight for similar reasons. Everything else is point of view, and who wins. There is something to be said for someone who pulls out all the stops and goes to the edge for what he believes in, regardless of if his reason is moral by our standards.


Link Posted: 4/26/2009 11:17:48 AM EDT
[#50]



Quoted:


He's a good actor. He made you really hate him.



I read an account of the filming that the extras and re-enactors really  liked him because he was a gentleman and very friendly with the regular folks.



IIRC he tried to get the German director to tone down some of his characters villainy.


He also played the evil doctor in Resident Evil. That character makes him seem positively jolly in The Patriot!



 
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