There are two main methods of figuring the actual value of a company.
1. Take the total expected market value of all the assets (equipment, real estate, patents, contract rights), subtract all liabilites (what the company owes, include employment termination costs), and then divide that number by the number of shares.
2. Predict the future dividends of a company into the future, apply a future value deduction to each (there are many methods) and see what that is worth per share.
Then take the higher of the two amounts.
All the standard fancy talk, P/E ratios and such, are a method of figuring something related to #2.
In brief, use the above to figure the value of each of the Dow stocks. That is why the market is not going to recover for a long time unless corps keep buying back shares (and thus lessen the number of outstanding shares out there to increase the value per share).
Note, if #1 gives the higher value the corp is not long for this world.