Quoted: so chrome lining isn't nessesary then? I'll probably only be shooting 2 or 3 times a month.
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If the gun is going to be used as a
weapon then I'd recommend chrome lining. If it's going to be a range gun then I'd say it's optional. "Normal" rifle barrels like your hunting rifle aren't chrome lined, but almost all military issue ones are. Partly for the longer wear, especially when hot, and partly for the corrosion resistance. Match-grade barrels aren't lined because it's hard to get a truly uniform thickness and precise bore diameter when lining, but a good quality lined barrel (like Colt or Bushmaster) is plenty accurate. My chrome-lined BM barrel can do 1/2" at 100yds with good ammo. And I think FN makes a sniper rifle with lined bore.
Another thing to consider is chamber spec. For reliability with all ammo you want the "5.56" chamber which has a longer throat than the ".223" chamber used on most .223 rifles (like a Rem 700).
what grain is the winchester white box ammo that I keep reading about? I'll be using this mostly for target shooting.
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Winchester makes "white box" (USA brand) loads in 45gr JHP, 55gr FMJ (.223), 55gr FMJ (5.56), 62gr FMJ, and I think 55gr SP. On here most people are probably referring to the 55gr FMJ 5.56mm, product number Q3131 or Q3131A. That's the hotter "M193-spec" loads. Lots of people also use the .223 version, product USA223R1 or USA223R1F, that's loaded to SAAMI pressures like most other brands. I've found the 45gr JHP to be surprisingly accurate in my rifle, but the light bullet wouldn't be best for longer range target shooting. Most serious target shooters like High Power shooters run 68/69/75/77/80/90gr because they buck wind better and hold velocity better at longer ranges.
You're kind of confusing people here by saying you want a "config most like an M16A2" and then saying you want to change the barrel length and stock--the things that make it an "M16A2" config. If the only thing you really care about from the M16A2 is the reliability, then just stick to the ABCR brands--Armalite, Bushmaster, Colt, Rock River Arms. A couple BM models like the Varminter and DCM don't have the chrome lining or 5.56 chamber. Some Colts just have chrome chambers and not full bore, but they all have the 5.56 chamber. I think Armalites all have the 5.56 chamber now. RRA has 5.56 on some and .223 Wylde (which is just as good) on some. Most RRAs aren't chrome-lined, but some are. Pick a configuration you like from them (I'd recommend a flat-top), avoiding the "special" models like varmint and NM/DCM/CMP, and you'll be fine.