When Colt first brought out the AR, and they were the only maker, there was no need to mark the pieces. Then when the govt. gave M16 contracts to H&R and GM's Inland Div., and aftermarket makers began to make copies for the civie market, Colt began to mark their stuff the "C" mark.
In the past few months I've acquired an early M16 upper with no markings except the tiny Colt proof marks just above and ahead of the ejection port, and an early chrome bolt/carrier assy w/o notches. The bolt has the same "M" on it that's shown on the Bigger Hammer pic of the early chrome. Otherwise, both pieces are unmarked.
Barrels I can't swear to, but I would think that the early ones would have had at least an "MP" mark on them somewhere, though possibly not in front of the sight tower, where they later ended up[:D]