EPOCH96 I live down the road from you. Hwy 62, north of IH10
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Sorry to hear that. I hate sinus infections and you have my sympathy. Take care and get your rest. |
Those who are interested come along from time to time. I need to get certified to do the CCW course in Louisiana so I can get these people their CCWs... I don't know about spending money on guns for other people. I suppose that would depend on your particular circumstance, and if you had the money to do it. I don't own all that many guns. Two shotguns, two rifles, and a couple of pistols. That would be enough to arm people in my immediate family and one set of neighbors. I just don't have the money to drop on extra arms...but... Something that I thought a lot about while I was walking patrol is tactical economics (for lack of a better term). I, for instance, had an AR15 and as much ammo as I wanted. One of the things that I do is strategic and tactical analysis. I started thinking about this in relation to the strategic value of my individual neighbors as they were armed. To understand my meaning, we have to go back in time. Let's take the musket for instance. In the “General Orders of 1757 Issued by the Earl of Loudoun and Phineas Lyman in the Campaign Against the French”, the orders indicate effective “July 2d, 1757, at Fort Edward, that Each Man be provided with 24 Rounds of Powder & Ball.” In 1758, the amount of ammunition carried was increased to 36 rounds as found in Montpenny’s Orderly Book. On September 17, 1758, the “Brigade Major (was) to review the men for duty daily on the parade before they mount Guard & see that they have their blankets & provisions, & also 36 rounds of ammunition.” In the Journal of Arthur Harris of the Bridgewater Coy of Militia.; “Militia minutemen [who were to] hold themselves in readiness at a minutes warning, compleat in arms and ammunition; that is to say a good and sufficient firelock, bayonet, thirty rounds of powder and ball, pouch and knapsack." Town of Roxbury Resolves, December 26, 1774; The Town of Braintree required each soldier furnish himself with “a good fire lock, bayonet, cartouch box, one pound of powder, twenty-four balls to fitt their guns, twelve flints and a knapsack.” Town of Braintree Resolves, January 23, 1775. Sorry about that, but history is always fascinating to me... Anyway... The acceptable rate of fire for those folks was three rounds a minute. Four if the individual was particularly good at it. Let's just say three rounds a minute and an average of 30 rounds carried. I'll spare you the history in the middle, but now I'm walking around in my neighborhood with a modern 'assault rifle' with 30 rounds of ammo in the magazine - plus six full spares for a total of 210 rounds. For the sake of theory, let's say that my effective rate of fire is one round every three seconds. (That would be really slow...and I'm ignoring my pistols...) The early rifleman (or musketeer) was worth 3/minute for 10 minutes. I am worth 20/minute for 10 1/2 minutes, which means that strategically, I am worth almost seven times the tactical 'value' of my antique counterpart - and I can fire more accurately to a greater distance and under adverse lighting conditions. My neighbors, likewise, had particular 'values' depending on what they had. Someone running a bolt rifle for instance, has a certain rate of fire, and depending on his setup will be very accurate at long distances. Each weapon has strengths and weaknesses, and each man has strengths and weaknesses. When talking about neighborhood defence, you actually have to think about two different kinds of strategic value in that context. (Well, there are more than two, but two are primary...) It all comes down to strength, however. The first context is to *look* strong. At some point, when Bonnin blew his whistle, no less than 20 members of our impromptu militia would hit the street in 30 seconds. 20 people all standing about with rifles of *any* kind is a strong deterrent to predatory elements who will seek a meal elsewhere. All they see is that they are out-numbered and out-gunned badly - and no lootie wants that. That's part of *strategic* value. Being part of that militia, however, I had a much better idea of what the 'value' of each of those men was in tactical economics - that is, what they were each worth in a real fight. The man with the AK, for instance, was worth a magazine and a half. That's all the ammo he had, but I was pretty sure he would actually fire on bad guys if they needed firing on. More than half of the guys running hunting rifles were also very willing. Some of the others, however, weren't too keen. They'd shoot if shot at, but they'd rather let someone else do the shooting if they could. Two or three might have just hid under the truck. When you think about how to set up to defend your block, you have to think about all of these things. Being barricaded in a house is *not* a good option when the zombies come. They will just take each house one at a time. Yes, their losses might be high at some houses, but divided is conquered. A lot of folks in a lot of neighborhoods were all walking around armed, but I wonder how many of them had talked about it and *knew* what to do when the time came. You can have all the strategic strength you like, but if your tactics suck, then your outcome is going to be poor. Think about it this way: If you had a theoretical 'battle' between ten hard core, well coordinated (well regulated When you start making decisions about how you are going to 'deploy' your 'militia' in your neighborhood, you need to think about it, talk about it, and make decisions about it so that when the time comes, everyone knows where they need to be and what they need to do. (Bonnin wanted to set up a sniper's nest in my pine tree...but I talked him out of it...but it wouldn't have been a bad idea, really...) To use my neighborhood as a for instance, we had cars blocking either end of the street and two more cars in the middle of the block. These were parked sideways in the street to one side - not to block it, but for use as cover by the guys with scoped hunting rifles. When Bonnin blew his whistle, we all knew where to be. We knew what our zones of fire were (and are), and we knew what the tactical plan for defense of the block was. I'd like to tell you that all my neighbors are serious, bad-ass people, and that if it had come to some kind of gunfight with a local warlord and his gang of thugs that we'd have kicked ass and drank beer after - but the truth isn't really that glorious. The truth is that I was pretty sure that we had each man where he could do the most good, employ what he had to the best advantage, and hopefully not get killed by cross fire. Even so, it would have been really ugly... So, that's kind of a really long answer to your question. The tactical value of your neighborhood 'militia' is not entirely dependent on the strategic value of their arms. What's more important is that you coordinate them well with what they have - and hope the ammo doesn't run out. Shane |
SWEET! Where did you manage to get the containers? Damn... I wish I'd have thought of that. We had a couple of teenagers come around with an ATV pulling a little trailer, and they'd take trash bags to the dump on David Drive for $1 a piece. I paid them $2 a piece, and got rid of some that way. In the end, garbage service resumed, but it was definitely a weak point in my preparations. Shane |
Oh, he wouldn't put up with any of that kind of nonsense. Gonna have to wait until he's dead to rename the street... He thinks of it as his street anyway. Not like anybody is gonna tell him different. Shane |
My largest problem with that is that I'm not sure where to begin. I'm not really sure what context to do it in either. I have a lot of random notes and anecdotes that would probably tell a good story and be informative... Maybe I'll start a new thread and try to write something out every few days... Shane |
Sounds like my kind of 'hood. |
I had this saved. Someone here posted it before.
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That car was no doubt shot with the new 5-Seven pistol. |
9mm, .40 cal and .45 cal. Some may have been shot through the driver's window but not all. |
Yep. That's them. They have a great strategic setup - their street starts at Jefferson Highway and dead ends into the river levee. They've only got one street to block. That picture is very educational about some of the things I've talked about. I'm not trying to diss these guys because it's an honest picture. Look at it closely, though. Those are the same kinds of arms that my neighbors had too. What do you see? Three shotguns, eight pistols, three revolvers. Hunting arms and handguns. Nobody has a decent rifle. No slings on the long guns. How many of them have decent holsters? How much ammo is present? (Hard to tell...) So much for gear...how about dicipline and safety? There are 14 guns in the image. How many fingers do you see on triggers? Looks like seven to me. It also stands out to me that the gentleman leaning against the telephone pole on the left in the image not only has his finger on the trigger, but he's pointing it directly at the camera...and hence whoever is taking the picture. So, that's it. That's your average neighborhood. SHTF, and that's what you have to work with. Where would *you* start? I know where *I* would start, and I bet a million dollars that nobody will guess it. It involves a lawn mower... Look at the background of the image. Average suburban street. How do you set it up? Where do those people need to be when the whistle blows? Shane |
Please share that tidbit. I've got to say your assessment of the typical neighborhood militia is about on the mark. If you look at the picture that's posted. I'm more concerned with the guys wearing shorts and flip flops than the poor muzzle discipline. That speaks to a casual attitude that I'm not sure I'm comfortable with. J. |
That photograph is taken at the entrance to their block. The photographer is probably standing in the road (Jefferson Highway). Look at the edge of the grass. What is that? Roof shingles. A LOT of roof came off during the storm - and with that roof came roofing nails. #1 Vehicle problem after the storm was flat tires...from roofing nails. Assigning someone to removing that debris, get a lawnmower and cut that bit of grass on either side *short*, and dragging a bar magnet around to pick up the nails would be #1 on my priority list. Once that's done, we can block off the street and lock down the block. Then we need to have a safety talk and get those guys outfitted in some proper gear...and find some rifles...and get a sentry going.
Remember, though, that it's the end of August, and it's hot. There is no power, so there is no AC. They might or might not have something cool to drink - although it appears that at least two have beer...which I won't even go into... Some of those guys might shoot straighter drunk than I do sober. Still... You aren't ever going to get your neighborhood millitia to resemble a military unit. Even if you pass out multicam, they just aren't going to carry it off... I was the only person in my area besides LEOs who had armor, for instance. I never wore it anyway. It would have made me a heat-stroke victim. Anyway, it's HOT. If the block is locked down correctly, there should be two men on checkpoint duty at all times. Those men should be dressed and equipped appropriately. I don't mind shorts for that. Better to have a man standing than over dressed and experience heat stress. Good shoes are important, but I wear good sandals and can do everything someone could do in a pair of tennis shoes. Whenever I was on duty, I'd wear my boots, but when I was working in my yard I was as undressed as possible. This caused some hilarity because when Bonnin would blow his whistle, I would just grab the rifle and the ammo bag and haul ass to the street. While I was doing cleanup in the back yard, I had put on a Speedo. (Don't ask for pictures, ya'll - it ain't pretty.) I found that whenever I got hot, I'd just run the hose over myself for a minute and I'd feel *so* much better...so it made sense to be in my swim suit... Of course, the wisdom of running a chainsaw in a speedo is questionable...but I'm getting off the topic... I hit the street more than once in my Speedo. Having poorly planned on one occasion, I hit the street stark naked. I was in the shower...and hadn't thought far enough ahead to lay out a pair of shorts or something...and trying to keep a towel wrapped around yourself when you're running with a rifle and ammo bag is kind of impossible... When Bonnin blew the whistle, you WENT - no hesitation. I took my position and immediately saw that it was one of Bonnin's 'drills'. He blew two shorts on the whistle, and I hauled ass back into the house. I found out later that the retired nun across the street from me managed to take a picture of my ass, which has evidently been well circulated now... Gads... I'm going on and on about something very simple, though, which is the point that it doesn't really matter how they're dressed, so long as they are properly equipped. I can defend my block in fatigues, I can defend my block in a yellow sun dress, and I can defend my block stark naked. Good shoes, a good rifle, and an ammo bag are nececary elements. After that, I don't care if they show up in a tu-tu. Shane |
Oh, and something else... Unless you live in military housing, at least half of your neighborhood militia is going to have a casual attitude no matter what you do. There are going to be a few guys who understand that when the signal goes up, they need to be in their 'battle stations' position RIGHT NOW. There are also going to be those guys who are going to hear the signal, go make a sandwich, and THEN walk to the street while they smunch on some lunch. We were lucky in that we had Bonnin, who is a mean, half-crazy old cuss who won't be crossed. He just has that *something* that makes men listen. Shane |
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Shane, I appreciate the analysis of the neighbors and how they're armed. You've got me thinking of my own neighborhood and how they'd be armed if we grabbed a dozen random men. Of 12 random men: 1 or 2 would have no firearms from home. 6 or 7 of them would have a pistol/revolver At least 5 could bring a bolt action deer rifle from home. At least 4 could bring a shotgun. 1 or 2 could bring a bolt action battle rifle. At least 6 could bring a .22 rifle of some sort. 1 to 2 could bring an AR, AK, SKS, or some other semi-auto battle rifle. 1 or 2 could bring a lever action rifle. The neighborhood is full of people who hunt, so naturally we'd be heavy on the deer rifles and shotguns. High power but low ammo supply and slow rate of fire. Fortunately we have a sprinkling of folks with military service around the neighborhood. Not a lot, but about one per street. It's interesting to consider this stuff. |
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Thanks for the info Shane! WAS said thanks too. He has a few extra rifle and reloading equpiment, in case the family shows up, but when we were discussing handing out rifles to the neighborhood, he mentioned that he didnt want to get caught up in liability, in case one of the neighbors shot somebody on accident, or killed a looter and later the family wanted to sue. He thought about selling the rifles to the neighbors, if something happened, which may CYA in the case of a bad shoot, but he was also leary about training issues. We have seen people at the range, who can barely hit the target at 10ft and when you offer to help them, they get pissy with you. He was kind of concerned with arming somebody with a rifle that they are unfamiliar with, and worse, have not zeroed themselves. I have printed out your story and had a couple neighbors over for steak a couple weeks ago. Some thought it was really cool, but most got that deer in the headlights/cant happen here look on their face, even though I suggested it could be a tornado instead of a hurricane, or possibly another blackout. I am finding the hardest thing to do is to get people to consider that something like this could happen. Hope you do start writing this stuff down. The more things we think about now, the less things we will have to kick ourselves for not considering, later... |
Nick, I had a little bit of luck talking to people around here in the days after Katrina. No, we don't have many hurricanes in my neck of the woods. However, there is not a single county in America that couldn't have some sort of social breakdown, be it related to weather or man. It doesn't take much to disrupt the flow of government social services, and when people feel they're being cheated ouf their "entitlements", look out. |
Most people would view you as an insane person if you attempted to organize them though. Just the way the world is. Oh and I've worn my CIRAS with BALCS inserts and plates in 90+ degree weather. It's not bad if you've got an underarmor t-shirt on and drink a lot. |
Exactly! But, my frustrations and some of the more aware around me, is trying to get people to see that. I have pulled out stories of tornados touching down in my area and the kind of damage that was reported, afterwards. These have generally taken place within the last 90 years. At that time, Livonia was still farily rural, so most of the neighbors were self-sufficient. Today, well, thats a different story. Back then, they didnt have to worry about as many downed powerlines, leaking gas mains, sewage flowing into the water supply, etc. I even used the blackout in NYC back in the 70's as an example. Even though there was relative calm back during the blackout of the early 2k, had the power not gone back on as quickly as it did, I am sure certain elements of our society would have taken it upon themselves to get playful. It seems there is an attitude that rioting, zombies, looting, and natural disasters are a thing of the past. I will continue trying to make people see how fragile our way of life really is and what can happen during disruptions lasting more than a couple of days. I am hoping to get about 7-10 neighbors of like mentality together twice a month and discuss this kind of thing. Keep your fingers crossed! |
Well, I almost found that its easier to get people prepared without really telling them what the end goal is. Take someone who's never been shooting before, and if they like it, they may end up buying their own AR. That way, if something DOES happen, you'll have a guy who already has a rifle, (hopefully) enough ammo and mags, and has a decent idea how to use it. Going camping and hunting, and stuff like that is a good way to get people to prep without scaring them off, at least in my experience. In the GD forum, there was a thread about 9 punks up in Maryland who beat some woman on a bus. You hear about stuff like this all the time, along with the occasional mall/office/school shootings. And yet, some family members still can't understand why I carry just about everywhere. These aren't socialist libtards either. These are good, Christian conservative people. I'll never forget my sister-in-law asked me I had ever shot anyone, she followed up with the statement that she didn't think she could shoot anyone. Sorry, but I have too much first hand experience with what people are capable of. I might lose a lethal force incident someday, but it won't be because I couldn't pull the trigger. Back on topic, I think its unfortunate that the Katrina aftermath is such a taboo topic because of the racial overtones. If the truth ever came out about what happened in the Super Dome, I think a lot more people would be CCW'ing the way I do. |
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Back on topic, I think its unfortunate that the Katrina aftermath is such a taboo topic because of the racial overtones. If the truth ever came out about what happened in the Super Dome, I think a lot more people would be CCW'ing the way I do. agillig, You said a mouthfull......or.....typed a handfull........which ever applies. I have had the opportunity to speak with several Dr.s and nurses who were at the Superdome, convention center, and all area hospitals both immediately after the disaster and months after. They are honest and I have no reason to doubt their stories, nor are they interested and hiding the truth as the politicians did. They were very frank about what went on and it is more horrific than anyone has reported; believe it or not. Since they were the only people that were truly protected in the evacuation shelters; they saw many of the victims of the unfortunate occurences and heard/ saw the events as they unfolded. |
Yes, I have first hand experience with this one. After Katrina I took a "gun control seminar" at my law school that was a two credit elective-course (one of few I could take for "fun.") I tried to use Katrina to illustrate the inability of the police to maintain order in a SHTF situation with no malice or racial prejudice intended. Well one of the black female students became greatly upset and I had to basically end the discussion out of respect for her. I am not sure why, but she felt that somehow it was racist to mention Katrina in the context of having firearms for protection. It might be something beyond my capability as a white male to understand, but it really upset her. The problem is though that since people have such strong feelings there is almost this inability to recognize the problems and address them.
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Silent type, Hmmm, interesting. Now the thing that comes to mind as I read your post is the widely circulated video of LEOs forcefully taking an empty revolver from a thin elderly WHITE lady in her own home. However, you mentioned that your classmate was upset at the notion of individuals POSESSING a firearm for defense. Self defense in this scenario in no way implies going around shooting black people; in fact, I have heard of no single incident of anyone doing so just for the sake of eliminating any particular race. No, the intent of being armed for self defense is as clear and simple as the phrase implies......to defend against those that would threaten your person or property. With that said, if your classmate assumes that the above statement inherently refers to Her particular race, it can mean only one of two things: Either she is ashamed of her race and uses her race to play the consummate victim which gives her delusions of reference in which any negative comments made must be referring to black people; or, the threats to individuals to which they would need to defend themselves against comes primarily from black people (a fact which she completely understands), and she is so militant, that she secretly supports such actions. Either way, you can expect that type of grand standing and over arguing that is intended to shut down the discussion by relying on your civil nature (kudos to you) not to carry on with such a spectacle before you actually make a valid point. |
These days "You're racist" only means "You have an opinion that is contrary to my own viewpoints, so I shall call you a racist as I am unable to use knowledge or cite examples to support my own opinion or point of view." |
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Very good information Shane!! I was watching the aftermath of the hurricane and all I heard was how Bush didn't do anything. Personal responsibility has gone out the window. Everyone needs to prepare for the worst and hope for the best. We had a major ice storm here in Nebraska 1/1/2007 and some people were out of power for 2 weeks +- The neighbors helped each other out with hot showers for the people without generators and in town they would get together and grill food like a little block party. Nobody complained, people brought coffee and rolls to the linemen working 18 hrs a day round the clock. Everyone pitched in. I didn't want to hijack but just wanted to say how important it is to know your neighbors and stick together. |
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I agree with "billjd72." I kept expecting the Congressional Hearings to address the crime and inability of the police to maintain order, but the whole thing was a political blame game. Perhaps FEMA did need to do more or could have been better managed, but there can be no doubt that the violence that took place had an effect on the government's disaster relief efforts. Until those issues are seriously studied and the facts made known to the public in an open and honest manner we are only one disaster away from anarchy. Another LA style riot today would make the last one look mild by comparison. With the explosion in the Latino population and gangs mixed with racial tensions with Blacks and Black gangs I believe many would take such an opportunity to settle old scores. While I do not excuse some of the poor decisions made by police officers during both the LA Riots and Katrina it is clear that police in urban areas have a hard enough time trying to maintain order during normal conditions. Our nation seems to want to keep our collective heads in the sand rather than address the fact that there are serious racial tensions in the country. How many minorities thought that George Bush purposely killed people during Katrina or that White people somehow contributed their hardship? Serious issues that have never been addressed by the government or mass media. |
And that's exactly why I'd rather have people like that carrying shotugns rather than rifles. Would you trust those guys with a far reaching rifle round? Pump shotguns, a belt with extra ammo and a flashlight. I dont trust most people with guns around me or my fmaily, my neighbors harly fit the right kind of person, I doubt any of them ever shot a gun before. FerFAL |
That's a great point. While I am not big on the idea of handout guns, IMHO something like a single shot shotgun would be good for that task. Aside from being cheap, the manual of arms is simple and the amount of lead that can be slung around by untrained/poorly trained operators is low. They still fulfill the first requirement of gunfighting (have a gun) and when you have several guys, they can still put out enough fire to dissuade MZBs. But the potential collateral damage from friendly fire is much reduced. |
Well, you're not looking at police model shotguns though in that picture. Most appear to be long 20" barrel hunting shotguns and heck some of them may be of a smaller gauge. In my opinion they are about as well armed and organized as the gangs they risked facing, which does not give one a decent level of comfort. I am not a fan of passing out firearms short of a foreign invasion though. If paratroops start falling on the field behind the local high school I'll pass out firearms, but natural disasters with looters isn't going to put me in the same mood. |
+1, My grandfather WW2 infantry Wifes grandfather WW2 fighter pilot My great uncle Korean war infantry learned more growing up around those guys, and the 2 vietnam vets i worked for at a gun shop growing up, than i did in 5 years of active duty.Were losing about 10 WW2 vets a day to old age, dont what the hell were gonna do when there all gone, being as this country seems to have a real short memory. |
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@silent type, i call bs on any class in law school being fun. unless, of course, you're a masochist, in which case, have fun w/ that. @shaneS, great information, thanks for sharing - my SIL's hubby was a cop in hammon, la and had heard stories similar to what you've shared. regarding writing this stuff down, imho, the best way to organize it all would be by breaking it all down into categories. for example, weapons/equipment selection, sentry placement, psychology of preparation and confrontation. not the best categories, but i think you get the idea. after following this thread from its beginning and reading halffast's ebook "lights out", i've been bringing shtf preparedness up w/ various family and friends. what surprises me is that many people simply lack the ability to imagine a situation in which their needs would be different than they are now. for example, my FIL said that he can't see a situation where he would ever need anything other than a 12 gauge for home protection. i had a few people literally tell me, oh that could never happen, it's just sci-fi - even after i mentioned shaneS' experience. |
Man being your in OK your neighbors sci fi comment really surprises me. would exspect that from the idiots where i grew up, but not down here. i guess its like finances & everything else, some people just wont be helped. shane did a great job, bonnin is the shit, hard as woodpecker lips, just like my grandpa & most of those guys/gals from that generation. shanes stories got me thinking about my neighbors, whos worth a shit, who's not, who might be, & who might cowboy up & surprise you? Previously i had only thought about my household, & my brothers down south. |
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I live across the bay from Mobile, Alabama. We were without power for only a few hours (miraculously). Even so, the local schools classes were canceled for weeks. No one could get any gas. People were getting frustrated and shooting at gas stations, lines were hours long. This was for several weeks after the hurricane in an area WITH power. If we had gone without gasoline for much longer who knows what would have happened. People in Mobile were having gasoline siphoned out of their cars. All this is with the National Guard in town handing out MREs and Ice and stuff, could have been worse. ETA: No rounds fired in any hurricane, never even had gun out and loaded. No threats. |
i'm from seattle originally, and i know many of my friends up there don't believe anything bad can ever happen, but generally people around this area know that bad stuff happens, but some refused to believe that anything other than tornadoes and the occasional ice storm can ever happen here. i don't live in a neighborhood, so i don't have too many people close to think about what they would do. this is both a good thing and a bad thing. mainly, it just means that my family and i have to be able to take care of ourselves. |
Hear, hear! I'm big on the community aspect of things. This shows how a community can pull together and get things back quicker than a one man show. Don't become the lone wolf, loner-type. |
Well i hope you guys are all doing okay with the current ice storms & all. |
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Figured I'd post a few pics to give some ideas of what this was like... This is my gas and ice supply on my porch. I slept on the porch until the power came back on (two hot to be inside) and I didn't want to move the gas inside. During the day if I had to travel I left the German Shepherd on the porch. ![]() My bedroom...it would have been pitch dark, this is all flash ![]() This is a line for gas looking back (I had enough but I tried to keep the supplies up, and waiting in line for gas was a decent way to spend the heat of the day. ![]() Same line looking forward, you can see the exit of the interstate (gas station is right off the exit. ![]() My luck... this tree fell the best direction possible for me. I am standing at the door to my house. It would take two mornings of cutting and dragging to get it cleared... that's how most of your time was spent. ![]() |
You haven't met my wife. She's normally the one telling me we need to keep extra rolls of barbed wire in the shed, wishes Claymore mines were legal for residential use, and would be waterboarding people she suspected of harboring mean thoughts about the cats. My current neightborhood has a loud thumpy car stereo problem. She calls me at work: "What's the best rifle in the house for shooting up an Expedition with big rims and a loud stereo? If it cruises past the house one more time, I'm shooting it." "The Garand with the black-tipped ammo." "I don't like the Garand, it balances weird for me. What's #2" "The AR with the green-tipped stuff." "I don't like the AR, you have a heavy barrel on it." "The shotgun with slugs then." "It kicks too much with slugs. What about my .45?" "Not great on car bodies. Few pistols are." "Goddamn it." |














