I own an R44 and I don't know jack about what happened, other than it is a relatively short list of what it might be. Your son doesn't know jack either, other than the possible causes are from a very short list.
Here's the short list:
Negative G that caused a tail boom strike (mast bumping doesn't come into it, even if there was mast bumping it wasn't severe enough to cause separation of the main rotor head, that much is clear in the videos available)
Radical cyclic maneuvers that caused a tail boom strike
Low rotor RPM that caused a tail boom strike (operator error and/or mechanical failure induced)
Mechanical/structural failure (which in turn could a very long list of failure modes)
We'll know in a year or so when the NTSB final report comes out, unless some more video appears that shows the initial event that caused the departure of the empennage, tail rotor and tail rotor gearbox from the aircraft.