They're all lipos now pretty much. S number is the number of cells in series. Think how many AA batteries are in your remote, AAs have a nominal voltage of 1.5V, so two batteries make 3V when put in series. Lipo cells have a nominal voltage of 3.7V, so 2S is 7.4V. And 3S is 11.1V, 4S is 14.8V and so on.
The AH (Amp-Hour) rating on the battery is how long each cell can deliver a certain current (Amps being current and hours being the time it can deliver them) or per cell capacity, sometimes expressed as mAH (milliamp-Hour) which is just 1/1000th of an AH, thanks metric system. Just like the AA example if a single cell holds 5AH worth of capacity, going to a 2S will double the size of your pack, but the cell capacity stays the same. So even though your battery pack has doubled in size and you've doubled the stored energy, it's important to remember the AH stays the same because putting them in series changed the voltage not the current from the cells.
The other rating is the C rating which is just the maximum discharge rate expressed as a multiple of the capacity, unless you're pushing limits on batteries you can usually ignore this as most batteries are rated far higher than most cars can draw, but higher number means capable of more discharge current