Be polite, be professional, and understand that most inmates are full of shit. At the same time, treat them with dignity and respect. If you tell them you will do something, make sure you follow through.
Simple things like allowing them to cut their hair or go to the recreation yard don't take much effort on your part, but go a long way with keeping them occupied and off your leg. If you control the ability to turn off their TVs and telephones, that make an excellent way to get them to behave and follow your rules. It's also a good way to get them to sweep and mop their living areas - "TVs and phones will go on after cleaning is done." It's like magic
They will always try to get extra trays or food whenever possible. Before they eat their breakfast/lunch/dinner, count the number of inmates, and then count the number of trays. Inmate math is different than regular math, and they will somehow always be short a few trays if you don't count. If you do have extra trays left over, divvy them out fairly. I've seen tons of fights over the years because this group got more trays than that group.
Every minor ailment they have will make them want a trip to the hospital. Hopefully, you have a good medical staff at the jail who won't put up with bullshitters and malingerers who want a change of scenery and a shot at some better food.
Gear-wise, you should probably carry most of the same stuff you carry on the street, other than your gun. Some agencies allow jail staff to carry a baton as part of your regular duties; most do not. If you can carry a Taser, do it. If you carry a radio with a lapel mic, make sure it is secured to your uniform. I've seen lots of guys go running to respond to a call of jail staff in a fight and their mics go flying.
Carry at least two sets of cuffs. If you have to go sort things out after a dayroom brawl involving multiple inmates, you will probably have more inmates on the ground than jail staff to handcuff them. Have your name and ID number engraved or labelled on your cuffs, as these tend to wander off if left unattended.
Carry a couple sets of latex or nitrile gloves on you at all times. It never fails that when you don't have them on you is when you have to go hands on with someone who has blood or something worse on them.
Good luck and stay safe in there!