Quoted: Right now we are in the process of developing what are refeered to as 'Pure Fusion' weapons.
.
|
It's very 'Blue Sky' at the moment but if they could pull this one off… were talking Star Trek weaponry!
"The source of this article is: The US News and World Report
Monday October 13th, 2003
By James M. Pethokoukis
To most people, what makes nuclear weapons so frightening is their immense power. But many arms-control experts think the scariest nukes are small ones, which could conceivably be used on the battlefield. Once part of the Cold War arsenal, small nuclear mines and shells were scrapped in 1991. But mininukes may be poised for a revival. Last May Congress lifted a 1993 ban on researching nukes with an explosive force of less than 5 kilotons of TNT (compared with hundreds of kilotons for many warheads today). And the Senate version of an energy spending bill now includes $6 million for research on new low-yield nuclear weapons, although so far the House bill does not.
If the House and Senate agree on funding, its first fruits will likely be smaller versions of existing devices. Planners see such baby bombs as a means of, for example, vaporizing buried weapons labs--although such uses would very likely release deadly radioactive fallout. But activists and researchers say that in the long run, the green light for research could also give a boost to an entirely new mininuke called a pure-fusion bomb. "By condoning mininukes, you are . . . opening the door to building even more advanced nukes such as pure-fusion weapons," says Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch of New Mexico.
Clean sweep. Pure-fusion bombs could be more compact than today's nukes and yield almost no fallout. Current devices get most of their power from hydrogen atoms fusing together, but it takes a mighty match--a fission blast--to spark the process. And fission means fallout. A pure-fusion weapon would emit plenty of killing radiation, but as short-lived neutrons. "You could move your troops in 48 hours, because there would be no fallout," says Arjun Makhijani of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research in Takoma Park, Md. That's a military advantage, but it could lower the threshold for using these weapons.
Fission also requires a critical mass of plutonium or uranium; without it, pure-fusion weapons "can be as small as you like, virtually atomic bullets," says Andre Gsponer of the Independent Scientific Research Institute in Geneva, which studies arms control. He thinks, however, that they will make their debut as ultrapotent cruise-missile warheads.
The technical hitch--a big one--is sparking fusion without fission. The $3.5 billion, stadium-size National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California will explore one approach. Starting in 2008, NIF will fire 192 laser beams at pea-size capsules of hydrogen isotopes, crushing and heating them to 100 million degrees to ignite fusion. NIF officials point out that they are not developing laser-powered bombs. "No, not from any aspect that you could possibly look at," says NIF chief George Miller. "It is not feasible, and we are not planning on doing it." NIF's mission is to study the possibility of civilian fusion power plants and do basic research to help assess the readiness of the existing nuclear arsenal. But what NIF reveals about triggering fusion without fission could prove useful to weapons designers, say some experts. Says Glen Wurden, a fusion physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory: "Laser fusion works in a way very similar to a weapon."
Clues could also come from Sandia National Laboratories in New Mexico, where the "Z machine" runs an enormous jolt of electric current through a bundle of very thin wires. The result is an imploding plasma, which emits a burst of X-rays that might catalyze fusion. Some theorists even speculate that morsels of antimatter could serve as the trigger, although so far physicists have created no more than a few antiatoms.
The hurdles could stretch the timetable to decades. But even in 1997, pure-fusion weapons seemed plausible enough for Hans Bethe, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist and veteran of the A-bomb effort, to urge President Clinton not to fund research on them. These days, little bombs are starting to loom bigger."
www.nukewatch.org/media2/postData.php?id=544