The two primary dry tumbling media types are walnut and corn cob. Walnut is good for scrubbing brass, because it is essentially hard, sharp grains - it scours brass pretty well. Corn cob is good for polishing and shining because it’s flat flakes. Plain cob media buffs cases, and if you add a polishing agent, it makes the brass even shinier.
As it’s used, walnut grinds itself down, and goes from sharp grains to dust. It will NOT clean anything when it’s more dust than anything else, but it will make a bigger mess because of the dust.
Corn cob media doesn’t break down, but it does get “full” of the stuff it rubs off of cases. That can be anything from tarnish to nasty chemicals to whatever…
All dry media WILL get contaminated with soot, lead, dust and sand. Eventually, you’ll wind up with funky looking media that takes a whole lot of time to sorta get your brass clean.
It’s not expensive stuff. When it isn’t “as effective” go ahead and get rid of it.