Overgassed, by the shear volume of .308 sized powder charge weights / cyclic speed is overwhelming the other parts ability to keep up.
( not necessarily just by the pressure, but the amount / volume of that pressure... garden hose v. firehose thing... both have the same water pressure, just different volumes of water. )
You can imagine how fast the action is working because of your comment..."Several times the empty case itself was turned completely backwards in the chamber, causing it to jam. "
Heck, it is running so fast that a case can't even get out of its own way... Lol.
Adjustable GB first... ( buy a spare gas tube and gas tube pin with it ) different buffer weights and recoil springs later to fine tune if desired.
You can calm down the violent cyclic speed dramatically.... easier on the parts, easier to stay on target, easier on the brass....
Trust me... you'll like it.