The Issue: It's not enough gas going into your gas port to fully cycle the bolt carrier all the way back to dispense the spent cartridge and/or to grab a new round. Your bolt is simply not going back far enough after a round is fired.
Possible Fixes:
1. If you have an adjustable gas block, then open it up another notch or two. That will allow more gas into the block and therefore allow more pressure to the piston rod to push the bolt back far enough to adequately cycle the weapon.
2. The design of your new muzzle break could possibly be allowing more gas than your old break to exit out of the muzzle faster, decreasing the amount of gas into the gas port. Don't ask me about the physics here but I've witnessed this happening before. Try changing the muzzle break back to the old one and test for yourself.
3. Did you bump/hit the gas block while installing your new free float handguard? If so, then the block and your gas port could be misaligned slightly hindering adequate amount of gas needed for a full cycle into your block. It's a VERY small hole that has to be aligned. Ensure of it's alignment and tighten securely, per instructions.
4. If all that fails to resolve your issue, you'll have to lighten your cycle by installing a lighter buffer and/or a less taught buffer spring.
Hope that helps!