Posted: 12/18/2008 2:02:41 PM EDT
| what is rule #13? |
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13. Once your item is sold or traded, do NOT delete the original title, ad text, or asking price. Leaving the ad in place after a sale is protection for both the buyer and seller, and also acts as a price reference for others. Disregarding this rule may result in a suspension of your account. Edit the title and text of the ad to mark it "SOLD" or "TRADED". Do NOT post a new reply!
From EE protocol maybe? |
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Chemical Formulas
Rule of 13 The Rule of Thirteen is so named because, in order to generate a base formula (containing only carbon and hydrogen), the molar mass of the unknown substance is divided by 13. The numerator from division gives the number of carbon atoms in the base formula. The remainder, when added to the numerator, gives the number of hydrogens in the base formula. MW / 13 = n + r / 13 The base formula becomes: CnHn+r which is a combination of carbons and hydrogens which have the desired molecular weight, MW. One can then calculate the IHD for this formula using any method described above. Special attention should be paid to the IHD calculation, because impossible IHD’s can lead to the rejection of one or more possibilities. Of course, the unknown compound may contain other elements besides carbon and hydrogen. To account for other elements present, we must subtract the appropriate number of carbons and hydrogens that equals the molar mass of the desired element. This table shows the carbon/hydrogen equivalents for some of the more common elements. The following example will illustrate how the Rule of Thirteen is used to determine possible molecular formulas for an unknown chemical compound. Here is another example. As you can see, this process can quickly get out of hand with higher molecular weight unknowns. However, with practice, it becomes obvious when adding oxygen or nitrogen cannot lead to a sensible possible molecular formula. This process is also very helpful when we get to spectroscopic identification using IR and NMR because we can quickly check for peaks due to the presence of a proposed functional group from the molecular formula. |
<h5 class="white">Definitions</h5> All defined terms are in italics and are listed alphabetically in the Definitions section. <h5 class="gray">13-1. General</h5> The ball must be played as it lies, except as otherwise provided in the Rules. (Ball at rest moved - see Rule 18.) <h5 class="gray">13-2. Improving Lie, Area of Intended Stance or Swing, or Line of Play</h5> A player must not improve or allow to be improved: <blockquote> · the position or lie of his ball, · the area of his intended stance or swing, · the area in which he is to drop or place a ball, </blockquote> by any of the following actions: <blockquote> · pressing a club on the ground, · moving, bending or breaking anything growing or fixed (including immovable obstructions and objects defining out of bounds), · creating or eliminating irregularities of surface, · removing or pressing down sand, loose soil, replaced divots or other cut turf placed in position, or · removing dew, frost or water. </blockquote> However, the player incurs no penalty if the action occurs: <blockquote> · in grounding the club lightly when addressing the ball, · in fairly taking his stance, · in creating or eliminating irregularities of surface within the teeing ground (Rule 11-1) or in removing dew, frost or water from the teeing ground, or </blockquote> <h5 class="gray">13-3. Building Stance</h5> <h5 class="gray">13-4. Ball in Hazard; Prohibited Actions</h5> Except as provided in the Rules, before making a stroke at a ball that is in a hazard (whether a bunker or a water hazard) or that, having been lifted from a hazard, may be dropped or placed in the hazard, the player must not: Exceptions: <blockquote> 1. Provided nothing is done that constitutes testing the condition of the hazard or improves the lie of the ball, there is no penalty if the player (a) touches the ground or loose impediments in any hazard or water in a water hazard as a result of or to prevent falling, in removing an obstruction, in measuring or in marking the position of, retrieving, lifting, placing or replacing a ball under any Rule or (b) places his clubs in a hazard. 2. After making the stroke, if the ball is still in the hazard or has been lifted from the hazard and may be dropped or placed in the hazard, the player may smooth sand or soil in the hazard, provided nothing is done to breach Rule 13-2 with respect to his next stroke. If the ball is outside the hazard after the stroke, the player may smooth sand or soil in the hazard without restriction. 3. If the player makes astroke from a hazard and the ball comes to rest in another hazard, Rule 13-4a does not apply to any subsequent actions taken in the hazard from which the stroke was made. </blockquote> Note: At any time, including at address or in the backward movement for the stroke, the player may touch, with a club or otherwise, any obstruction, any construction declared by the Committee to be an integral part of the course or any grass, bush, tree or other growing thing. Penalty For Breach of Rule: Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes. |
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Quoted:
All defined terms are in italics and are listed alphabetically in the Definitions section.
<h5 class="gray">13-1. General</h5> The ball must be played as it lies, except as otherwise provided in the Rules.
(Ball at rest moved - see Rule 18.)
<h5 class="gray">13-2. Improving Lie, Area of Intended Stance or Swing, or Line of Play</h5> A player must not improve or allow to be improved:
<blockquote> · the position or lie of his ball,
· the area of his intended stance or swing,
· the area in which he is to drop or place a ball,
</blockquote> by any of the following actions:
<blockquote> · pressing a club on the ground,
· moving, bending or breaking anything growing or fixed (including immovable obstructions and objects defining out of bounds),
· creating or eliminating irregularities of surface,
· removing or pressing down sand, loose soil, replaced divots or other cut turf placed in position, or
· removing dew, frost or water.
</blockquote> However, the player incurs no penalty if the action occurs:
<blockquote> · in grounding the club lightly when addressing the ball,
· in fairly taking his stance,
· in creating or eliminating irregularities of surface within the teeing ground (Rule 11-1) or in removing dew, frost or water from the teeing ground, or
</blockquote> <h5 class="gray">13-3. Building Stance</h5> <h5 class="gray">13-4. Ball in Hazard; Prohibited Actions</h5> Except as provided in the Rules, before making a stroke at a ball that is in a hazard (whether a bunker or a water hazard) or that, having been lifted from a hazard, may be dropped or placed in the hazard, the player must not:
Exceptions:
<blockquote> 1. Provided nothing is done that constitutes testing the condition of the hazard or improves the lie of the ball, there is no penalty if the player (a) touches the ground or loose impediments in any hazard or water in a water hazard as a result of or to prevent falling, in removing an obstruction, in measuring or in marking the position of, retrieving, lifting, placing or replacing a ball under any Rule or
(b) places his clubs in a hazard. 2. After making the stroke, if the ball is still in the hazard or has been lifted from the hazard and may be dropped or placed in the hazard, the player may smooth sand or soil in the hazard, provided nothing is done to breach Rule 13-2 with respect to his next stroke. If the ball is outside the hazard after the stroke, the player may smooth sand or soil in the hazard without restriction.
3. If the player makes astroke from a hazard and the ball comes to rest in another hazard, Rule 13-4a does not apply to any subsequent actions taken in the hazard from which the stroke was made.
</blockquote> Note: At any time, including at address or in the backward movement for the stroke, the player may touch, with a club or otherwise, any obstruction, any construction declared by the Committee to be an integral part of the course or any grass, bush, tree or other growing thing.
Penalty For Breach of Rule:
Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes. [GOLFCLAP]win[/GOLFCLAP] |
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13. He who dies with the most sins, wins.
http://www.btfh.net/theorem.html |
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Or is it this??
Rule 13. Counterclaim and Crossclaim (a) Compulsory Counterclaim. (1) In General. A pleading must state as a counterclaim any claim that — at the time of its service — the pleader has against an opposing party if the claim: (A) arises out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the opposing party's claim; and (B) does not require adding another party over whom the court cannot acquire jurisdiction. (2) Exceptions. The pleader need not state the claim if: (A) when the action was commenced, the claim was the subject of another pending action; or (B) the opposing party sued on its claim by attachment or other process that did not establish personal jurisdiction over the pleader on that claim, and the pleader does not assert any counterclaim under this rule. (b) Permissive Counterclaims. A pleading may state as a counterclaim against an opposing party any claim that is not compulsory. (c) Relief Sought in a Counterclaim. A counterclaim need not diminish or defeat the recovery sought by the opposing party. It may request relief that exceeds in amount or differs in kind from the relief sought by the opposing party. (d) Counterclaim Against the United States. These rules do not expand the right to assert a counterclaim — or to claim a credit — against the United States or a United States officer or agency. (e) Counterclaim Maturing or Acquired After Pleading. The court may permit a party to file a supplemental pleading asserting a counterclaim that matured or was acquired by the party after serving an earlier pleading. (f) Omitted Counterclaim. The court may permit a party to amend a pleading to add a counterclaim if it was omitted through oversight, inadvertence, or excusable neglect or if justice so requires. (g) Crossclaim Against a Coparty. A pleading may state as a crossclaim any claim by one party against a coparty if the claim arises out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the original action or of a counterclaim, or if the claim relates to any property that is the subject matter of the original action. The crossclaim may include a claim that the coparty is or may be liable to the crossclaimant for all or part of a claim asserted in the action against the crossclaimant. (h) Joining Additional Parties. Rules 19 and 20 govern the addition of a person as a party to a counterclaim or crossclaim. (i) Separate Trials; Separate Judgments. If the court orders separate trials under Rule 42(b), it may enter judgment on a counterclaim or crossclaim under Rule 54(b) when it has jurisdiction to do so, even if the opposing party's claims have been dismissed or otherwise resolved. |
