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You would have to look at what jurisdiction your property is located in and the laws that apply.
Outside a city limit is preferable, as many 'cities' prohibit discharge of a firearm within their limits.
Counties are a bit better and some don't have any restrictions except for state law.
Usually there is a distance from a road or other occupied structure.
Common sense also dictates you should have a sufficient backstop so that projectiles don't go whizzing off into never-never land.
Typically you shouldn't have to contact anyone... they will contact you once the shooting starts... via a sheriff visit... so don't be surprised or intimidated.
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Pretty much what he said. As long as you don't hit someone's house or livestock, away from a main road and not near a subdivision, you're generally good. County sheriff may come over, but in my experience its just them to show the concerned citizen they showed up and nothing more.
A local gunshop to me has some property they often shoot on right behind their shop. There's a nearby subdivision that more often than not, like calling the police on this business over "gunshots" they heard. Just about every instance the police came into the shop, they ask the owner if he or someone he gave permission to was shooting behind the shop. Owner would say "yeah i am yada yada", and the police would pretty much say "mm, okay" and walk out and drive off to another call elsewhere.