"The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers" -
it's a lawyer joke
by Seth Finkelstein
[email protected]
Few people are unfamiliar with the phrase The first thing
we do, let's kill all the lawyer. Rueful, mocking, it often
expresses the ordinary person's frustration with the arcana and
complexity of law. Sometimes it's known known that the saying comes
from one of Shakespeare's plays, but usually there's little awareness
beyond that. This gap in knowledge has inspired a myth of
"correction", where it is "explained" that this is line really
intended as a praise of the lawyer's role.
For example, one legal firm states:
"The first thing we do," said the character in Shakespeare's Henry VI,
is "kill all the lawyers." Contrary to popular belief, the proposal
was not designed to restore sanity to commercial life. Rather, it was
intended to eliminate those who might stand in the way of a
contemplated revolution –– thus underscoring the important role that
lawyers can play in society.
(from
Dickstein Shapiro Morin & Oshinsky LLP Firm Profile)
Or
As the famous remark by the plotter of
treachery in Shakespeare's King Henry VI shows - "The first thing we
must do is kill all the lawyers," - the surest way to chaos and
tyranny even then was to remove the guardians of independent thinking.
(from
THINKING LIKE A LAWYER)
The argument of this remark as in fact being favorable to
lawyers is a marvel of sophistry, twisting of the meaning of words in
unfamiliar source, disregard of the evident intent of the original
author and ad hominem attack. Whoever first came up with
this interpretation surely must have been a lawyer.
The line is actually uttered by a character "Dick The
Butcher". While he's a killer as evil as his name implies, he often
makes highly comedic and amusing statements. The wisecracking
villain is not an invention of modern action movies, it dates back to
Shakespeare and beyond.
The setup for the "kill the lawyers" statement is the ending
portion of a comedic relief part of a scene in Henry VI, part 2.
Dick and another henchman, Smith are members of the gang of Jack Cade,
a pretender to the throne. The built-up is long portion where Cade
make vain boasts, which are cut down by sarcastic replies from the
others. For example:
JACK CADE.
Valiant I am.
SMITH [aside].
'A must needs; for beggary is valiant.
JACK CADE.
I am able to endure much.
DICK [aside].
No question of that; for I have seen him whipp'd three
market-days together.
JACK CADE.
I fear neither sword nor fire.
SMITH [aside].
He need not fear the sword; for his coat is of proof.
DICK [aside].
But methinks he should stand in fear of fire, being burnt i'
th'hand for stealing of sheep.
You can almost hear the rim-shot after everything Dick or
Smith say here.
Cade proceeds to go more and more over the top, and begins to
describe his absurd ideal world:
JACK CADE.
Be brave, then; for your captain is brave, and vows
reformation. There shall be in England seven half-penny
loaves sold for a penny: the three-hoop'd pot shall have ten
hoops; and I will make it felony to drink small beer: all
the realm shall be in common; and in Cheapside shall my
palfrey go to grass: and when I am king,- as king I will
be,-
ALL.
God save your majesty!
Appreciated and encouraged, he continues on in this vein:
JACK CADE.
I thank you, good people:- there shall be no money; all
shall eat and drink on my score; and I will apparel them all
in one livery, that they may agree like brothers, and
worship me their lord.
And here is where Dick speaks the famous line.
DICK.
The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers.
The audience must have doubled over in laughter at this. Far
from "eliminating those who might stand in the way of a contemplated
revolution" or portraying lawyers as "guardians of independent
thinking", it's offered as the best feature imagined of yet for
utopia. It's hilarious. A very rough and simplistic modern
translation would be "When I'm the King, there'll be two cars in every
garage, and a chicken in every pot" "AND NO LAWYERS". It's a clearly
lawyer-bashing joke. This is further supported by the dialogue just afterwards
(which is actually quite funny even now, and must have been hilarious
when the idiom was contemporary):
DICK.
The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers.
JACK CADE.
Nay, that I mean to do. Is not this a lamentable thing, that
of the skin of an innocent lamb should be made parchment?
that parchment, being scribbled o'er, should undo a man?
Some say the bee stings: but I say, 'tis the bee's wax; for
I did but seal once to a thing, and I was never mine own man
since.- How now! who's there?
He might just as well have been describing "shrink-wrap"
software licensing agreements today in the last sentence. To
understand what Cade is saying here, you have to know that documents
of the time were likely parchment, and sealed with wax. So when he
says "Some say the bees stings; but I say, 'tis the bee's wax". he's
making an ironic comment somewhat akin to "Some men rob you with a
six-gun, and some with a fountain pen". And the fact that he himself
is an evil man only serves to heighten the irony, not discredit the
sentiment - the more evil he is, the more the contrast is apparent.
It makes as much sense to conclude that since the "kill the
lawyers" joke is expressed by villains, who later commit murderous deeds
"there shall be no money; all shall eat and drink on my score" is an
approval of Libertarian thought, and a warning about Communists.
Now, just after this exchange, the scene changes tone. The
gang commits the murder of the clerk of chatham. Here is the second
level of Shakespeare's commentary on law and layers, where the murder
is carried out according to scrupulous procedure, a parody of law:
JACK CADE.
I am sorry for't: the man is a proper man, of mine honour;
unless I find him guilty, he shall not die.- Come hither,
sirrah, I must examine thee: what is thy name?
By this contrast Shakespeare thus makes in an alternating,
connected, comedic and tragic manner the age-old point about the
difference between *law* (and those who argue it) and *justice*. Cade
makes up his "version" of law to his own ends, to the justification of
his evil deeds, which is reminiscent of the context which commonly
provokes "kill the lawyers" (where the phrase is in wry protest of
actions thought to be the same in form, if not in degree). Far from
being "out of context" the usage is more true to the original than
most people know.
Cade's friend Dick the Butcher, being only barely smarter
than Cade, knew Cade's scheme could not succeed if the learned
advisors to the real King actually investigated Cade's lineage. So,
Dick the Butcher advised Cade that "The first thing we do, let's kill
all the lawyers," hoping that this tactic would prevent Cade from
being discovered as an imposter. At least in Shakespeare's time,
lawyers were regarded as the protectors of truth.
That lawyer is being a protector of some sort, but it doesn't
seem to be of the truth!
In fact, Shakespeare used lawyers as figures of derision on
several occasions. In "Romeo and Juliet", Mercutio uses the line "O'er
lawyers' fingers, who straight dream on fees;" In "King Lear", the
fool defends a speech in riddles by comparing it to an "unfee'd lawyer":
EARL OF KENT.
This is nothing, fool.
FOOL.
Then 'tis like the breath of an unfee'd lawyer,- you gave me
nothing for't.- Can you make no use of nothing, nuncle?
There's a very long and lawyer-uncomplimentary passage in
Hamlet. Note the similarity of the "parchment" joke to that
seen in
Henry VI, part 2.
HAMLET.
There's another: why may not that be the skull of a lawyer?
Where be his quiddits now, his quillets, his cases, his
tenures, and his tricks? why does he suffer this rude knave
now to knock him about the sconce with a dirty shovel, and
will not tell him of his action of battery? Hum! This fellow
might be in's time a great buyer of land, with his statutes,
his recognizances, his fines, his double vouchers, his
recoveries: is this the fine of his fines, and the recovery
of his recoveries, to have his fine pate full of fine dirt?
will his vouchers vouch him no more of his purchases, and
double ones too, than the length and breadth of a pair of
indentures? The very conveyances of his lands will hardly
lie in this box; and must the inheritor himself have no
more, ha?
HORATIO.
Not a jot more, my lord.
HAMLET.
Is not parchment made of sheep-skins?
HORATIO.
Ay, my lord, and of calf-skins too.
HAMLET.
They are sheep and calves which seek out assurance in that.
I will speak to this fellow.- Whose grave's this, sirrah?
As long as there are lawyer, there will be "lawyer jokes".
And lawyers will show how those jokes ring true by trying to explain
how such lampooning really constitutes praise for their profession,
thus by example justifying the jokes more than ever.
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