cage training produced the best house traiined dog I ever had. He never once soiled the floor . He could go 12 hours at a time with free run of the house, never had an accident. He stayed in the house the first 18 months of his life. The wife(now ex) put him outside for the next 10 years. At that time, the vet said he had to come back in due to a skin problem. Brought him back in and never had a problem. Once he had an extended vet stay, the vet called frantic saying that Baxter was going through renal failure, I asked" have you taken him outside?" reply was" not necessary, all dogs go in the cages, they smell where others have gone and will go as well. I replied" I'll be right there....."you moron, Went over, picked up my dog and held him up as he went and went and went...OUTSIDE.....what a dog !! FWIW, he was there due to a reaction that paralized him after a rabies vacination that left him with partial use of his hind legs for about 6 months...he gradually got full use of his back legs, but since I have found many folks whose dogs had the same reaction, despite what the vets say.