I read the link you posted and I got curious. So I pulled 2 rounds each of 3 different 308 and 3 different 7.62x51. The 308 ranges from cheap PMC range ammo, high end Winchester hunting rounds, and then some precession rounds. The 7.62 ranged modern made M1A, federal 7.62 white box, and then some military surplus I have, head stamp AMA 81.
I dropped all twelve rounds randomly, as possible, into a Wilson cartridge case gage for 308. All measured the same. I then used calibers to measure the over all round length. Part of me feels like it doesn’t matter as the bullet type could throw this off. However, all the rounds were less than 1 mm from each but for the M1A rounds which measured 1 mm longer than the rest.
Lining them all up, visually, two of the round types had a little bit longer case neck than the others. These two were the 7.62 AMA and the 7.62 federal white box. Both of these types have the NATO case stamp while the M1A ammo cases looked the same as the 308 rounds.
Just a very unscientific comparison of a few different rounds I have. I have other 7.62 but wasn’t digging them all out.