Deer: .270, 30-06, 7mm, .308.
Moose and elk: You *could* do it with any of the above calibers but all of them are a bit light, I would start with .300 mag, especially for moose.
Decent rifles that are relatively inexpensive: Ruger, Remington, Winchester, Howa, Savage. The deal you saw on the Rem 700 is pretty good assuming rifle and scope are in nice shape. Most people hang a Bushnell or a Tasco on their hunting rifle, a scope which usually is adequate, but it is not a Leupold and the scope, unless it is a good one, adds little to the resale value of the rifle.
I don't think Rugers are bad (I have a stainless laminate .223), but there was a recent thread (do a search) of Ruger v. Savage and a lot of people on this board said Rugers are extremely variable (some accurate, some not).
Or just forget all that and buy the Rem you have your eye on.