Op rod spring, trigger group, sights, bolt and gas system. Not necessarily the op rod since the Chinese op rods are by some experts rated to be as good as U.S.G.I., some have also said that the trigger groups are nearly as good as well although the hammers can be softer but still serviceable. It's really hard to compare life expectancy. Some cast parts can be very high quality(Springfield Armory Inc. receivers). Some can be total junk(the old cast Springfield Armory Inc. bolts). With U.S.G.I. parts there is no doubt about the quality or origin of the parts. A cast part made to the proper dimensions and geometry that has been properly hardened(when necessary) should have nearly the same life expectancy as a comparable forged part. It is still arguable that cast parts are more prone to failure because of the inherant weaknesses of castings as opposed to forgings. An important difference is that U.S.G.I. parts hold their value and instill consumer confidence.
(Is anyone ever going to fix the spell check!?!)