I have mildot scopes on my important rifles. You can use it to range objects of a known size, although I rarely do that, having the advantage of a laser rangefinder. I could give you the formula, but I don't remember it, and use a handy little slide calculator called a MilDot Master (get one if you are serious about mildot reticles:
www.mildotmaster.com to figure things quickly. As far as using it as a BDC, I can use it fairly well to about 500 yards. You have 3.5 moa between the centers of each dot; therefore you have 17.5 moa from the crosshair to the top of the lower post in the reticle (5 mils). Accurately using it depends on knowing the exact muzzle velocity of the ammo lot you are using, but as a SWAG, use this formula for a 100 yard zero:
200 yds= 1.5 moa holdover
300 yds= 5.5 moa
400 yds= 9.5 moa
500 yds= 16 moa
You can increase this ability by zeroing your rifle at longer distances; I believe Marine markmen zero for 600 yards, effectively raising their mildot use to something like 1200 yards. However, using mildots as aiming points is always secondary to having a good range and manually dialing in the elevation on the scope; you can't see the subtle differences a few yards in distance can make in elevation correction on the mil scale at longer ranges under most field conditions as well as you can dial them in.
Leupold's website also has a mildot reticle explanation page. I hope this rambling helps;
good luck!