I’ve never done it, but it looks like it’s doable but a little involved.
I guess you know the M-1 carbine sight is all one piece (at least the ones I’ve seen). That is, the sight blade, ears, and sleeve going around the barrel are a single piece of steel.
A key fits in matching longitudinal grooves in the sight and barrel to hold the sight in place. The key is placed in the barrel groove; then the sight is slid onto the barrel and key. And then a pin is driven crossways through the sight and key to keep the sight from sliding off.
Looks like you could mount the M-1 sight on a 10/22 by turning down the 10/22 front sight base to the same diameter as the equivalent section of an M-1 carbine barrel (assuming the 10/22 sight is the larger of the two, which I think it is). You’ll need to leave a little shoulder at the rear of the base for the sight to butt up to – like it does with the carbine barrel.
Then you would have to mill a groove in the 10/22 sight base for the key. This sounds like the tricky part - if the groove is not precisely made, the sight may be cockeyed or it may wobble. Possibility you could fabricate some screw or pin set up to hold the sight on by going through the sight and barrel; thus dispensing with the key.
Rather obviously, I’m just guessing on all this.
Sight adjustment of M-1 carbines sometimes included filing down the front sight. If you buy a front sight, make sure it hasn’t been filed on.
If you actually do this, please post pictures.
Incidentally, there appears to be two different size dovetails on 10/22 front sights. If you decide to simply replace the original sight, keep this in mind.
Hope this helps at least a little bit.