CS
Putting 9mm in a 40S&W or 357SiG mag is perfectly legal. As long as a magazine is not modified so that it will not work in the gun it was built for it is okay. You are probably on shakier ground with a modified mag than using an unmodified mag for a different caliber.
And yes, it's the ejector, not extractor that you need to worry about. Mea Culps.
BUT....
In your job, simply carrying more 10 round mags is probably the best solution for you from both a legal and practical stand point. First, it's highly unlikely that you will ever fire a weapon in the line of duty. Second, if you do, the single most important thing for you will be reliability. In that case, reduncency, having additional mags on hand, and removing every possible opportunity for things going wrong that you can is most likely the safest course. The number of rounds you can squeeze into a mag should be way down on your list of requirements.