Quoted:
I don't think 9mm ever left.
IMO, I have not seen any tests indicating that any of the common autopistol service calibers are significantly better or worse than the others WRT terminal ballistics. I think that the age/technology/properties of the projectile make a larger difference. For example, a .40S&W Black Talon will be inferior to a modern 9mm Federal HST.
I don't like the .40 for a few reasons:
1) Too much muzzle flip compared to 9mm or even .45 ACP. That is, it's "snappy."
2) Reduced mag capacity compared to 9mm
3) Cost. 9mm is cheaper for me to practice with.
Big +1.
I hate the .40 because it's smaller than a .45, holds fewer rounds than 9mm, and has more recoil than both.
I was a big .45 caliber fan because I learned to shoot on a 1911, and the bullet looks so much bigger than the 9mm. However, I started researching terminal ballistics and discovered that there is almost no difference between the common service pistol cartridges using quality, modern ammunition. Coroners can't even tell the difference between 9mm, .40, and .45 caliber wounds. The only ballistic advantage I found with .45 was better bone penetration due to the increased mass. However, I believe the advantages of much faster followup shots and higher magazine capacity out way the slight increase in bone penetration (at least for me––YMMV). I'm a firm believer in carrying whichever service caliber you shoot best.
Here's a good place to start poking around. Read everything by Dr Gary Roberts (DocGKR).