The 300 series stainless steels (like 316) are what most people think of when they think corrosion
resistant. Unfortunately the 300 series steels can not be heat treated to obtain high strength. They have to be cold worked to get the high mechanical properties. The 400 series stainless steels can be heat treated to obtain mechanical properties, but they are not as corrosion resistant as the 300 series stainless steels. They have less or no nickel content.
All guns are manufactured as a series of compromises. Material, machining, surface finish, etc. That's why parts are cast, as opposed to machining from a solid block. Not because cast is better, but for cost reduction in manufacturing.
If I could have a firearm made out of any material and I didn't have to worry about material, machining, heat treating costs, etc., my gun would be nickel based Inconel 718.
You can get super high mechanical properties, great corrosion resistance - you don't even need a finish on it ,as it has approximately 19% chromium and 52% nickel.
Jaymor