My first guess would be a carbon build up, which is normal.
Unless it’s heavy, I wouldn’t worry too much about it. Scrubbing the chamber with a chamber brush and a bore solvent (Shooter’s Choice, Hoppes No. 9, or whatever) should loosen it up. You may have to scrub a bit since carbon can be hard to loosen up.
Then patch the chamber out with about a .30 cal patch and see what you get. If it was carbon, you should get a black residue.
If the chamber throat is part of the problem, you may also need to clean with a new .22 cal bore brush and solvent, followed by .22 patches
Note that you don’t try to push the .30 patch into the smaller, rifled part of the bore or it might get stuck. Also note that if you use a copper cutting type bore solvent, be sure and clean your chamber brush and/or bore brush afterwards, or the solvent will attack the bronze bristles.
When you’re finished and have patched all the solvent out, give the chamber and locking lugs areas a light coat of CLP or such.
If you’ve been using Wolf ammunition, what you’re seeing might be some sort of lacquer build up. Cleaning the chamber as described above should also handle this.
I can’t imagine that you’ve got rust in a chrome-plated chamber. If you do, the patches should come out with a dark reddish-brown residue, though any carbon mixed in might make it look black.